- Fellowship: Stanford University Anesthesiology Fellowships (1991) CA
- Medical Education: University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine Registrar (1984) CA
- Internship: UCSF Fresno Internal Medicine Residency (1985) CA
- Board Certification: American Board of Anesthesiology, Anesthesia (1993)
- Residency: UC Davis Medical Center (1990) CA
- MD, Univ of So Calif, Medicine (1984)