

Professional Summary
Education & Certifications
- Board Certification: American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology, Neurology (2020)
- Fellowship: Stanford University Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Fellowship (2000) CA
- Residency: Stanford University Neurology Residency (1997) CA
- Internship: Stanford University Internal Medicine Residency (1994) CA
- Medical Education: Westminster Medical School (1980) England
Administrative Appointments
- Clinical Trials Director, Stanford Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology Program (2015 - Present)
- Member, SHC Pharmacy and Therapeutics Specialty Drug Sub-Committee (2016 - 2017)
Publications
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The role of TNFalpha and lymphotoxin in demyelinating disease.
Lock, C., Oksenberg, J., & Steinman, L. (1999). The role of TNFalpha and lymphotoxin in demyelinating disease. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 58, I121–8. -
The influence of the proinflammatory cytokine, osteopontin, on autoimmune demyelinating disease
Chabas, D., Baranzini, S. E., Mitchell, D., Bernard, C. C. A., Rittling, S. R., Denhardt, D. T., … Steinman, L. (2001). The influence of the proinflammatory cytokine, osteopontin, on autoimmune demyelinating disease. SCIENCE, 294(5547), 1731–35. -
Gene-microarray analysis of multiple sclerosis lesions yields new targets validated in autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Lock, C., Hermans, G., Pedotti, R., Brendolan, A., Schadt, E., Garren, H., … Steinman, L. (2002). Gene-microarray analysis of multiple sclerosis lesions yields new targets validated in autoimmune encephalomyelitis. NATURE MEDICINE, 8(5), 500–508. -
ANTIGEN RECOGNITION AND PEPTIDE-MEDIATED IMMUNOTHERAPY IN AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASE
Smilek, D. E., Lock, C. B., & McDevitt, H. O. (1990). ANTIGEN RECOGNITION AND PEPTIDE-MEDIATED IMMUNOTHERAPY IN AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASE. IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS, 118, 37–71. -
Inhibitory role for GABA in autoimmune inflammation
Bhat, R., Axtell, R., Mitra, A., Miranda, M., Lock, C., Tsien, R. W., & Steinman, L. (2010). Inhibitory role for GABA in autoimmune inflammation. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 107(6), 2580–85. -
Janus-like opposing roles of CD47 in autoimmune brain inflammation in humans and mice
Han, M. H., Lundgren, D. H., Jaiswal, S., Chao, M., Graham, K. L., Garris, C. S., … Steinman, L. (2012). Janus-like opposing roles of CD47 in autoimmune brain inflammation in humans and mice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE, 209(7), 1325–34. -
MINIMUM STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS FOR PEPTIDE PRESENTATION BY MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX CLASS-II MOLECULES - IMPLICATIONS IN INDUCTION OF AUTOIMMUNITY
Gautam, A. M., Lock, C. B., Smilek, D. E., Pearson, C. I., Steinman, L., & McDevitt, H. O. (1994). MINIMUM STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS FOR PEPTIDE PRESENTATION BY MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX CLASS-II MOLECULES - IMPLICATIONS IN INDUCTION OF AUTOIMMUNITY. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 91(2), 767–71. -
EXPRESSION OF HLA-DR4 AND HUMAN CD4 TRANSGENES IN MICE DETERMINES THE VARIABLE REGION BETA-CHAIN T-CELL REPERTOIRE AND MEDIATES AN HLA-DR-RESTRICTED IMMUNE-RESPONSE
Fugger, L., Michie, S. A., Rulifson, I., Lock, C. B., & McDevitt, G. S. (1994). EXPRESSION OF HLA-DR4 AND HUMAN CD4 TRANSGENES IN MICE DETERMINES THE VARIABLE REGION BETA-CHAIN T-CELL REPERTOIRE AND MEDIATES AN HLA-DR-RESTRICTED IMMUNE-RESPONSE. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 91(13), 6151–55. -
The role of TNF alpha and lymphotoxin in demyelinating disease
Lock, C., Oksenberg, J., & Steinman, L. (1999). The role of TNF alpha and lymphotoxin in demyelinating disease. ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES, 58, 121–128. -
Autoimmune Hepatitis During Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis with Alemtuzumab
Carlson, A., Bozinov, N., Kipp, L., Dunn, J., & Lock, C. (2018). Autoimmune Hepatitis During Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis with Alemtuzumab. NEUROLOGY, 90. -
MR susceptibility contrast imaging using a 2D simultaneous multi-slice gradient-echo sequence at 7T.
Bian, W., Kerr, A. B., Tranvinh, E., Parivash, S., Zahneisen, B., Han, M. H., … Zeineh, M. M. (2019). MR susceptibility contrast imaging using a 2D simultaneous multi-slice gradient-echo sequence at 7T. PloS One, 14(7), e0219705. -
Ocrelizumab treatment reduced levels of neurofilament light chain and numbers of B cells in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis in the OBOE study
Cross, A., Bennett, J., von Budingen, H. C., Carruthers, R., Edwards, K., Fallis, R., … Bar-Or, A. (2019). Ocrelizumab treatment reduced levels of neurofilament light chain and numbers of B cells in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis in the OBOE study. NEUROLOGY. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. -
A Multi-scale Multiple Sclerosis Lesion Change Detection in a Multi-sequence MRI
Cheng, M., Galimzianova, A., Lesjak, Z., Spiclin, Z., Lock, C. B., & Rubin, D. L. (2018). A Multi-scale Multiple Sclerosis Lesion Change Detection in a Multi-sequence MRI. DEEP LEARNING IN MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS AND MULTIMODAL LEARNING FOR CLINICAL DECISION SUPPORT, DLMIA 2018. SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG. -
B Cells, T Cells and Inflammatory CSF Biomarkers in Primary Progressive MS and Relapsing MS in the OBOE (Ocrelizumab Biomarker Outcome Evaluation) Trial
Bar-Or, A., Bennett, J., Von Budingen, H., Carruthers, R., Edwards, K., Fallis, R., … Cross, A. (2020). B Cells, T Cells and Inflammatory CSF Biomarkers in Primary Progressive MS and Relapsing MS in the OBOE (Ocrelizumab Biomarker Outcome Evaluation) Trial. NEUROLOGY. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. -
Clonally Expanded B Cells in Multiple Sclerosis Bind EBV EBNA1 and GlialCAM.
Lanz, T. V., Brewer, R. C., Ho, P. P., Moon, J.-S. S., Jude, K. M., Fernandez, D., … Robinson, W. H. (2022). Clonally Expanded B Cells in Multiple Sclerosis Bind EBV EBNA1 and GlialCAM. Nature. -
Evaluation of neurotrophic factor secreting mesenchymal stem cells in progressive multiple sclerosis
Cohen, J. A., Lublin, F. D., Lock, C., Pelletier, D., Chitnis, T., Mehra, M., … Kern, R. (2022). Evaluation of neurotrophic factor secreting mesenchymal stem cells in progressive multiple sclerosis. MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL, 13524585221122156. -
Protein-Ligand Binding Free-Energy Calculations with ARROW-A Purely First-Principles Parameterized Polarizable Force Field.
Nawrocki, G., Leontyev, I., Sakipov, S., Darkhovskiy, M., Kurnikov, I., Pereyaslavets, L., … Fain, B. (2022). Protein-Ligand Binding Free-Energy Calculations with ARROW-A Purely First-Principles Parameterized Polarizable Force Field. Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation. -
Differential effects of anti-CD20 therapy on CD4 and CD8 T cells and implication of CD20-expressing CD8 T cells in MS disease activity.
Shinoda, K., Li, R., Rezk, A., Mexhitaj, I., Patterson, K. R., Kakara, M., … Bar-Or, A. (2023). Differential effects of anti-CD20 therapy on CD4 and CD8 T cells and implication of CD20-expressing CD8 T cells in MS disease activity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 120(3), e2207291120. -
Progression of Mycosis Fungoides After Fingolimod Treatment for Multiple Sclerosis and Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing Demonstrating Potential Links Between the Two Diseases.
Narala, S., Che, Y., Saleem, A., Lock, C. B., Kim, Y. H., & Rieger, K. E. (2023). Progression of Mycosis Fungoides After Fingolimod Treatment for Multiple Sclerosis and Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing Demonstrating Potential Links Between the Two Diseases. JCO Precision Oncology, 7, e2200501. -
Combining Force Fields and Neural Networks for an Accurate Representation of Chemically Diverse Molecular Interactions.
Illarionov, A., Sakipov, S., Pereyaslavets, L., Kurnikov, I. V., Kamath, G., Butin, O., … Fain, B. (2023). Combining Force Fields and Neural Networks for an Accurate Representation of Chemically Diverse Molecular Interactions. Journal of the American Chemical Society. -
SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Immune Response on Anti-Complement Therapy, Eculizumab
Sattarnezhad, N., Sumera, J., McDonald, J., Nie, E., Tomczak, A., Joseph, Y., … Han, M. (2023). SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Immune Response on Anti-Complement Therapy, Eculizumab. NEUROLOGY. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS.
Clinical Trials
Clinical trials are research studies that evaluate a new medical approach, device, drug, or other treatment. As a Stanford Health Care patient, you may have access to the latest, advanced clinical trials.
Open trials refer to studies currently accepting participants. Closed trials are not currently enrolling, but may open in the future.
- A Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Elezanumab When Added to Standard of Care in Progressive Forms of Multiple Sclerosis »
- Study to Explore the Mechanism of Action of Ocrelizumab and B-Cell Biology in Participants With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis (RMS) or Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (PPMS) »
Practice Locations
Multiple Sclerosis Center in Palo Alto Palo Alto, CA
Palo Alto, CAMultiple Sclerosis Center in Palo Alto
213 Quarry Road
Palo Alto , CA 94304
Make An Appointment More Clinic Information » Getting Here »Stanford Neuroscience Health Center Palo Alto, CA
Palo Alto, CAStanford Neuroscience Health Center
213 Quarry Road
Palo Alto , CA 94304
Make An Appointment More Clinic Information » Getting Here »Multiple Sclerosis Center Palo Alto, CA
Palo Alto, CAMultiple Sclerosis Center
213 Quarry Road
Palo Alto , CA 94304
Make An Appointment More Clinic Information » Getting Here »Important Information about Our Organizations and Physician Affiliation
Stanford Health Care, Stanford Health Care Tri-Valley, and Stanford Medicine Partners are each independent nonprofit organizations that are affiliated with but separate from each other and from Stanford University. The physicians who provide care at facilities operated by Stanford Health Care, Stanford Health Care Tri-Valley, and Stanford Medicine Partners are faculty, foundation, or community physicians who are not employees, representatives, or agents of Stanford Health Care, Stanford Health Care Tri- Valley, or Stanford Medicine Partners. Stanford Health Care, Stanford Health Care Tri-Valley, and Stanford Medicine Partners do not exercise control over the care provided by such faculty, foundation, and community physicians and are not responsible for their actions.
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