Publications

• Complement activation mediates intestinal injury after resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock
  Spain, D. A., Fruchterman, T. M., Matheson, P. J., Wilson, M. A., Martin, A. W., & Garrison, R. N. (1999). Complement activation mediates intestinal injury after resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock. JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE, 46(2), 224–232.
• Subacute sepsis impairs vascular smooth muscle contractile machinery and alters vasoconstrictor and dilator mechanisms
  Price, S. A., Spain, D. A., Wilson, M. A., Harris, P. D., & Garrison, R. N. (1999). Subacute sepsis impairs vascular smooth muscle contractile machinery and alters vasoconstrictor and dilator mechanisms. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH, 83(1), 75–80.
• Interventional techniques are useful adjuncts in nonoperative management of hepatic injuries
  Carrillo, E. H., Spain, D. A., Wohltmann, C. D., Schmieg, R. E., Boaz, P. W., Miller, F. B., & Richardson, J. D. (1999). Interventional techniques are useful adjuncts in nonoperative management of hepatic injuries. JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE, 46(4), 619–622.
• Preoperative issues in clinical nutrition McClave, S. A., Snider, H. L., & Spain, D. A. (1999). Preoperative issues in clinical nutrition. CHEST, 115(5), 64S–70S.
  
• Glucose and glutamine gavage increase portal vein nitric oxide metabolite levels via adenosine A2b activation Matheson, P. J., Spain, D. A., Harris, P. D., Garrison, R. N., & Wilson, M. A. (1999). Glucose and glutamine gavage increase portal vein nitric oxide metabolite levels via adenosine A2b activation. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH, 84(1), 57–63.
  
• Decreased alpha-adrenergic response in the intestinal microcirculation after "two-hit" hemorrhage resuscitation and bacteremia Spain, D. A., Kawabe, T., Keelan, P. C., Wilson, M. A., Harris, P. D., & Garrison, R. N. (1999). Decreased alpha-adrenergic response in the intestinal microcirculation after "two-hit" hemorrhage resuscitation and bacteremia. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH, 84(2), 180–185.
  
• Blunt carotid artery injuries: Difficulties with the diagnosis prior to neurologic event Carrillo, E. H., Osborne, D. L., Spain, D. A., Miller, F. B., Senler, S. O., & Richardson, J. D. (1999). Blunt carotid artery injuries: Difficulties with the diagnosis prior to neurologic event. JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE, 46(6), 1120–1125.
  
• Common and external iliac artery injuries associated with pelvic fractures Carrillo, E. H., Wohltmann, C. D., Spain, D. A., Schmieg, R. E., Miller, F. B., & Richardson, J. D. (1999). Common and external iliac artery injuries associated with pelvic fractures. JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC TRAUMA, 13(5), 351–355.
  
• Enteral tube feeding in the intensive care unit: Factors impeding adequate delivery McClave, S. A., Sexton, L. K., Spain, D. A., Adams, J. L., Owens, N. A., Sullins, M. B., … Snider, H. L. (1999). Enteral tube feeding in the intensive care unit: Factors impeding adequate delivery. CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE, 27(7), 1252–1256.
  
• Infusion protocol improves delivery of enteral tube feeding in the critical care unit Spain, D. A., McClave, S. A., Sexton, L. K., Adams, J. L., Blanford, B. S., Sullins, M. E., … Snider, H. L. (1999). Infusion protocol improves delivery of enteral tube feeding in the critical care unit. JOURNAL OF PARENTERAL AND ENTERAL NUTRITION, 23(5), 288–292.
  
• The continuing challenge of Fournier's gangrene in the 1990s Olsofka, J. N., Carrillo, E. H., Spain, D. A., & Polk, H. C. (1999). The continuing challenge of Fournier's gangrene in the 1990s. AMERICAN SURGEON, 65(12), 1156–1159.
  
• Empyema and restrictive pleural processes after blunt trauma: An under-recognized cause of respiratory failure Watkins, J. A., Spain, D. A., Richardson, J. D., & Polk, H. C. (2000). Empyema and restrictive pleural processes after blunt trauma: An under-recognized cause of respiratory failure. AMERICAN SURGEON, 66(2), 210–214.
  
• Should trauma surgeons do general surgery? Spain, D. A., Richardson, J. D., Carrillo, E. H., Miller, F. B., Wilson, M. A., & Polk, H. C. (2000). Should trauma surgeons do general surgery? JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE, 48(3), 433–437.
  
• Practice management guidelines tor prophylactic antibiotic use in tube thoracostomy for traumatic hemopneumothorax: The EAST practice management guidelines work group Luchette, F. A., Barrie, P. S., Oswanski, M. F., Spain, D. A., Mullins, C. D., Palumbo, F., & Pasquale, M. D. (2000). Practice management guidelines tor prophylactic antibiotic use in tube thoracostomy for traumatic hemopneumothorax: The EAST practice management guidelines work group. JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE, 48(4), 753–757.
  
• Discussion Barie, Fabian, Barie, Malangoni, Malangoni, Rodriguez, … Fabian. (2000). Discussion. American Journal of Surgery, 179(2A), 7-?
  
• Discussion POLK, Fabian, POLK, Fabian, LIVINGSTON, Rodriguez, … CROCE. (2000). Discussion. American Journal of Surgery, 179(2A), 24–25.
  
• Discussion Spain, CROCE, Rodriguez, CROCE, Rodriguez, LIVINGSTON, … Barie. (2000). Discussion. American Journal of Surgery, 179(2A), 30-?
  
• Discussion Barie, CROCE, Spain, POLK, Barie, POLK, … Boucher. (2000). Discussion. American Journal of Surgery, 179(2A), 39–40.
  
• Blunt hemopericardium detected by surgeon-performed sonography Carrillo, E. H., Schirmer, T. P., Sideman, M. J., Wallace, J. M., & Spain, D. A. (2000). Blunt hemopericardium detected by surgeon-performed sonography. JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE, 48(5), 971–974.
  
• Routine intragastric feeding following traumatic brain injury is safe and well tolerated Klodell, C. T., Carroll, M., Carrillo, E. H., & Spain, D. A. (2000). Routine intragastric feeding following traumatic brain injury is safe and well tolerated. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY, 179(3), 168–171.
  
• Prehospital hypotension as a valid indicator of trauma team activation Franklin, G. A., Boaz, P. W., Spain, D. A., Lukan, J. K., Carrillo, E. H., & Richardson, J. D. (2000). Prehospital hypotension as a valid indicator of trauma team activation. JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE, 48(6), 1034–1037.
  
• Lazaroid and pentoxifylline suppress sepsis-induced increases in renal vascular resistance via altered arachidonic acid metabolism Krysztopik, R. J., Matheson, P. J., Spain, D. A., Garrison, R. N., & Wilson, M. A. (2000). Lazaroid and pentoxifylline suppress sepsis-induced increases in renal vascular resistance via altered arachidonic acid metabolism. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH, 93(1), 75–81.
  
• Evolution in the management of hepatic trauma: A 25-year perspective Richardson, J. D., Franklin, G. A., Lukan, J. K., Carrillo, E. H., Spain, D. A., Miller, F. B., … Flint, L. M. (2000). Evolution in the management of hepatic trauma: A 25-year perspective. ANNALS OF SURGERY, 232(3), 324–329.
  
• Sustained infection induces 2 distinct microvascular mechanisms in the splanchnic circulation Zhao, H. L., Spain, D. A., Matheson, P. J., Vaughn, C., Harris, P. D., & Garrison, R. N. (2000). Sustained infection induces 2 distinct microvascular mechanisms in the splanchnic circulation. SURGERY, 128(4), 513–518.
  
• Sepsis increases NOS-2 activity and decreases non-NOS-mediated acetylcholine-induced dilation in rat aorta Beach, P. K., Spain, D. A., Kawabe, T., Harris, P. D., & Garrison, R. N. (2001). Sepsis increases NOS-2 activity and decreases non-NOS-mediated acetylcholine-induced dilation in rat aorta. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH, 96(1), 17–22.
  
• Does cell-saver blood administration and free hemoglobin load cause renal dysfunction? Klodell, C. T., Richardson, J. D., Bergamini, T. M., & Spain, D. A. (2001). Does cell-saver blood administration and free hemoglobin load cause renal dysfunction? AMERICAN SURGEON, 67(1), 44–47.
  
• "Incidental" pericardial effusion during surgeon-performed ultrasonography in patients with blunt torso trauma Lukan, J. K., Franklin, G. A., Spain, D. A., & Carrillo, E. H. (2001). "Incidental" pericardial effusion during surgeon-performed ultrasonography in patients with blunt torso trauma. JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE, 50(4), 743–745.
  
• Successful incorporation of the Severe Head Injury Guidelines into a phased-outcome clinical pathway. McIlvoy, L., Spain, D. A., RAQUE, G., Vitaz, T., Boaz, P., & Meyer, K. (2001). Successful incorporation of the Severe Head Injury Guidelines into a phased-outcome clinical pathway. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing , 33(2), 72-?
  
• Delayed laparoscopy facilitates the management of biliary peritonitis in patients with complex liver injuries Carrillo, E. H., Reed, D. N., Gordon, L., Spain, D. A., & Richardson, J. D. (2001). Delayed laparoscopy facilitates the management of biliary peritonitis in patients with complex liver injuries. SURGICAL ENDOSCOPY AND OTHER INTERVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES, 15(3), 319–322.
  
• Penetrating colon injuries requiring resection: Diversion or primary anastomosis? An AAST prospective multicenter study Demetriades, D., Murray, J. A., Chan, L., Ordonez, C., Bowley, D., Nagy, K. K., … Spain, D. A. (2001). Penetrating colon injuries requiring resection: Diversion or primary anastomosis? An AAST prospective multicenter study. JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE, 50(5), 765–774.
  
• Development and implementation of a clinical pathway for spinal cord injuries Vitaz, T. W., McIlvoy, L., Raque, G. H., Spain, D. A., & Shields, C. B. (2001). Development and implementation of a clinical pathway for spinal cord injuries. JOURNAL OF SPINAL DISORDERS, 14(3), 271–276.
  
• Impact of recent trends of noninvasive trauma evaluation and nonoperative management in surgical resident education Lukan, J. K., Carrillo, E. H., Franklin, G. A., Spain, D. A., Miller, F. B., & Richardson, J. D. (2001). Impact of recent trends of noninvasive trauma evaluation and nonoperative management in surgical resident education. JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE, 50(6), 1015–1019.
  
• A multicenter evaluation of whether gender dimorphism affects survival after trauma Wohltmann, C. D., Franklin, G. A., Boaz, P. W., Luchette, F. A., Kearney, P. A., Richardson, J. D., & Spain, D. A. (2001). A multicenter evaluation of whether gender dimorphism affects survival after trauma. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY, 181(4), 297–300.
  
• Progressive decrease in constrictor reactivity of the non-absorbing intestine during chronic sepsis Zhao, H. L., Spain, D. A., Matheson, P. J., Harris, P. D., & Garrison, R. N. (2001). Progressive decrease in constrictor reactivity of the non-absorbing intestine during chronic sepsis. SHOCK, 16(1), 40–43.
  
• Thermal injury in the elderly: When is comfort care the right choice? Stassen, N. A., Lukan, J. K., Mizuguchi, N. N., Spain, D. A., Carrillo, E. H., & Polk, H. C. (2001). Thermal injury in the elderly: When is comfort care the right choice? AMERICAN SURGEON, 67(7), 704–708.
  
• Handsewn versus stapled anastomosis in penetrating colon injuries requiring resection: A multicenter study Demetriades, D., Murray, J. A., Chan, L. S., Ordonez, C., Bowley, D., Nagy, K. K., … Spain, D. A. (2002). Handsewn versus stapled anastomosis in penetrating colon injuries requiring resection: A multicenter study. JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE, 52(1), 117–121.
  
• Femoral vessel injuries Carrillo, E. H., Spain, D. A., Miller, F. B., & Richardson, J. D. (2002). Femoral vessel injuries. SURGICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA, 82(1), 49-?
  
• Ventilator-associated pneumonia and surgical patients Spain, D. A. (2002). Ventilator-associated pneumonia and surgical patients. CHEST, 121(5), 1390–1391.
  
• Do facial fractures protect the brain or are they a marker for severe head injury? Martin, R. C. G., Spain, D. A., & Richardson, J. D. (2002). Do facial fractures protect the brain or are they a marker for severe head injury? AMERICAN SURGEON, 68(5), 477–481.
  
• Abdominal seat belt marks in the era of focused abdominal Sonography for trauma Stassen, N. A., Lukan, J. K., Carrillo, E. H., Spain, D. A., & Richardson, J. D. (2002). Abdominal seat belt marks in the era of focused abdominal Sonography for trauma. ARCHIVES OF SURGERY, 137(6), 718–722.
  
• A comparison of alcohol-positive and alcohol-negative trauma patients Blondell, R. D., Looney, S. W., Krieg, C. L., & Spain, D. A. (2002). A comparison of alcohol-positive and alcohol-negative trauma patients. JOURNAL OF STUDIES ON ALCOHOL, 63(3), 380–383.
  
• Immune-enhancing enteral diet selectively augments ileal blood flow in the rat Rhoden, D., Matheson, P. J., Carricato, N. D., Spain, D. A., & Garrison, R. N. (2002). Immune-enhancing enteral diet selectively augments ileal blood flow in the rat. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH, 106(1), 25–30.
  
• When is the seriously ill patient ready to be fed? Spain, D. A. (2002). When is the seriously ill patient ready to be fed? JPEN. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 26(6), S62–5.
  
• Examination of the role of abdominal computed tomography in the evaluation of victims of trauma with increased aspartate aminotransferase in the era of focused abdominal sonography for trauma Stassen, N. A., Lukan, J. K., Carrillo, E. H., Spain, D. A., Norfleet, L. A., Miller, F. B., & Polk, H. C. (2002). Examination of the role of abdominal computed tomography in the evaluation of victims of trauma with increased aspartate aminotransferase in the era of focused abdominal sonography for trauma. SURGERY, 132(4), 642–646.
  
• Risk factors for delirium tremens in trauma patients Lukan, J. K., Reed, D. N., Looney, S. W., Spain, D. A., & Blondell, R. D. (2002). Risk factors for delirium tremens in trauma patients. JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE, 53(5), 901–906.
  
• Generalized dilation of the visceral microvasculature by peritoneal dialysis solutions Zakaria, E. R., Spain, D. A., Harris, P. D., & Garrison, R. N. (2002). Generalized dilation of the visceral microvasculature by peritoneal dialysis solutions. PERITONEAL DIALYSIS INTERNATIONAL, 22(5), 593–601.
  
• Resuscitation regimens for hemorrhagic shock must contain blood Zakaria, E. R., Spain, D. A., Harris, P. D., & Garrison, R. N. (2002). Resuscitation regimens for hemorrhagic shock must contain blood. SHOCK, 18(6), 567–573.
  
• Achievement of steady state optimizes results when performing indirect calorimetry McClave, S. A., Spain, D. A., Skolnick, J. L., Lowen, C. C., Kjeber, M. J., Wickerham, P. S., … Looney, S. W. (2003). Achievement of steady state optimizes results when performing indirect calorimetry. JOURNAL OF PARENTERAL AND ENTERAL NUTRITION, 27(1), 16–20.
  
• Intraperitoneal resuscitation improves intestinal blood flow following hemorrhagic shock Zakaria, E. R., Garrison, R. N., Spain, D. A., Matheson, P. J., Harris, P. D., & Richardson, J. D. (2003). Intraperitoneal resuscitation improves intestinal blood flow following hemorrhagic shock. ANNALS OF SURGERY, 237(5), 704–711.
  
• Immune-enhancing enteral diet increases blood flow and proinflammatory cytokines in the rat ileum Matheson, P. J., Hurt, R. T., Mittel, O. F., Wilson, M. A., Spain, D. A., & Garrison, R. N. (2003). Immune-enhancing enteral diet increases blood flow and proinflammatory cytokines in the rat ileum. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH, 110(2), 360–370.
  
• Society of University Surgeons position statement on the volume-outcome relationship for surgical procedures Berger, D. H., Ko, C. Y., & Spain, D. A. (2003). Society of University Surgeons position statement on the volume-outcome relationship for surgical procedures. SURGERY, 134(1), 34–40.
  
• The continuing challenge of intra-abdominal infection. Cheadle, W. G., & Spain, D. A. (2003). The continuing challenge of intra-abdominal infection. American Journal of Surgery, 186(5A), 15S–22S.
  
• Impairment of endothelium-dependent dilation response after resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock involved postreceptor mechanisms Zakaria, E. R., Garrison, R. N., Spain, D. A., & Harris, P. D. (2004). Impairment of endothelium-dependent dilation response after resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock involved postreceptor mechanisms. SHOCK, 21(2), 175–181.
  
• Perioperative risk assessment in elderly and high-risk patients Richardson, J. D., Cocanour, C. S., Kern, J. A., Garrison, R. N., Kirton, O. C., Cofer, J. B., … Thomason, M. H. (2004). Perioperative risk assessment in elderly and high-risk patients. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS, 199(1), 133–146.
  
• 
  
• Interleukin-6 infusion blunts proinflarnmatory cytokine production without causing systematic toxicity in a swine model of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock Brundage, S. I., Zautke, N. A., Holcomb, J. B., Spain, D. A., Lam, J. C., Mastrangelo, M. A., … Tweardy, D. J. (2004). Interleukin-6 infusion blunts proinflarnmatory cytokine production without causing systematic toxicity in a swine model of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock. JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE, 57(5), 970–977.
  
• Potential targets to encourage a surgical career Brundage, S. I., Lucci, A., Miller, C. C., Azizzadeh, A., Spain, D. A., & Kozar, R. A. (2005). Potential targets to encourage a surgical career. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS, 200(6), 946–953.
  
• Education and training of the future trauma surgeon in acute care surgery: trauma, critical care, and emergency surgery Spain, D. A., & Miller, F. B. (2005). Education and training of the future trauma surgeon in acute care surgery: trauma, critical care, and emergency surgery. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY, 190(2), 212–217.
  
• Are temporary inferior vena cava filters really temporary? Kirilcuk, N. N., Herget, E. J., Dicker, R. A., Spain, D. A., Hellinger, J. C., & Brundage, S. I. (2005). Are temporary inferior vena cava filters really temporary? AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY, 190(6), 858–863.
  
• 
  
• Endovascular management of a gunshot wound to the thoracic aorta Fang, T. D., Peterson, D. A., Kirilcuk, N. N., Dicker, R. A., Spain, D. A., & Brundage, S. I. (2006). Endovascular management of a gunshot wound to the thoracic aorta. JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE, 60(1), 204–208.
  
• Dramatic shift in the primary management of traumatic thoracic aortic rupture Lebl, D. R., Dicker, R. A., Spain, D. A., & Brundage, S. I. (2006). Dramatic shift in the primary management of traumatic thoracic aortic rupture. ARCHIVES OF SURGERY, 141(2), 177–180.
  
• PERITONEAL LEUKOCYTE RESPONSE FOLLOWING PLACEMENT OF POLYGLYCOLIC ACID INTESTINAL SLING IN PATIENTS WITH RECTAL-CARCINOMA DEVEREUX, D. F., OCONNELL, S. M., Spain, D. A., & Robertson, F. M. (1991). PERITONEAL LEUKOCYTE RESPONSE FOLLOWING PLACEMENT OF POLYGLYCOLIC ACID INTESTINAL SLING IN PATIENTS WITH RECTAL-CARCINOMA. DISEASES OF THE COLON & RECTUM, 34(8), 670–674.
  
• Early enteral nutrition after abdominal trauma: effects on septic morbidity and practicality. Weissenfluh, G. M., Brundage, S. I., & Spain, D. A. (2006). Early enteral nutrition after abdominal trauma: effects on septic morbidity and practicality. Nutrition in Clinical Practice , 21(5), 479–484.
  
• 
  
• Recruitment strategies for a fall prevention program: If we build it, will they really come? Shandro, J. R., Spain, D. A., & Dicker, R. A. (2007). Recruitment strategies for a fall prevention program: If we build it, will they really come? JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE, 63(1), 142–146.
  
• Venous air embolism and pressure infusion devices Mendenhall, M. L., & Spain, D. A. (2007). Venous air embolism and pressure infusion devices. JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE, 63(1), 246–246.
  
• County hospital surgical practice: a model for acute care surgery Garland, A. M., Riskin, D. J., Brundage, S. I., Moritz, F., Spain, D. A., Purtill, M.-A., & Sherck, J. P. (2007). County hospital surgical practice: a model for acute care surgery. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY, 194(6), 758–764.
  
• Pediatric blunt abdominal injury: Age is irrelevant and delayed operation is not detrimental Tataria, M., Nance, M. L., Holmes, J. H., Miller, C. C., Mattix, K. D., Brown, R. L., … Brundage, S. L. (2007). Pediatric blunt abdominal injury: Age is irrelevant and delayed operation is not detrimental. JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE, 63(3), 608–614.
  
• CT angiography effectively evaluates extremity vascular trauma Peng, P. D., Spain, D. A., Tataria, M., Hellinger, J. C., Rubin, G. D., & Brundage, S. I. (2008). CT angiography effectively evaluates extremity vascular trauma. AMERICAN SURGEON, 74(2), 103–107.
  
• Responsible development and application of surgical innovations: a position statement of the Society of University Surgeons. Biffl, W. L., Spain, D. A., Reitsma, A. M., Minter, R. M., Upperman, J., Wilson, M., … Greenfield, L. J. (2008). Responsible development and application of surgical innovations: a position statement of the Society of University Surgeons. Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 206(3), 1204–9.
  
• Insulin increases the release of proinflammatory mediators Brundage, S. I., Kirilcuk, N. N., Lam, J. C., Spain, D. A., & Zautke, N. A. (2008). Insulin increases the release of proinflammatory mediators. JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE, 65(2), 367–372.
  
• Validation of a Prehospital Trauma Triage Tool: A 10-Year Perspective Purtill, M.-A., Benedict, K., Hernandez-Boussard, T., Brundage, S. I., Kritayakirana, K., Sherck, J. P., … Spain, D. A. (2008). Validation of a Prehospital Trauma Triage Tool: A 10-Year Perspective. JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE, 65(6), 1253–1257.
  
• 
  
• Commitment to COT Verification Improves Patient Outcomes and Financial Performance Maggio, P. M., Brundage, S. I., Hernandez-Boussard, T., & Spain, D. A. (2009). Commitment to COT Verification Improves Patient Outcomes and Financial Performance. JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE, 67(1), 190–195.
  
• 
  
• Massive Transfusion Protocols: The Role of Aggressive Resuscitation Versus Product Ratio in Mortality Reduction Riskin, D. J., Tsai, T. C., Riskin, L., Hernandez-Boussard, T., Purtill, M., Maggio, P. M., … Brundage, S. I. (2009). Massive Transfusion Protocols: The Role of Aggressive Resuscitation Versus Product Ratio in Mortality Reduction. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS, 209(2), 198–205.
  
• Emergency Innovation: Implications for the Trauma Surgeon Pretz, J. L., Magnus, D., & Spain, D. A. (2009). Emergency Innovation: Implications for the Trauma Surgeon. JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE, 67(6), 1443–1447.
  
• 
  
• THE ADEQUACY AND COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF ROUTINE RESUSCITATION-AREA CERVICAL-SPINE RADIOGRAPHS Spain, D. A., Trooskin, S. Z., Flancbaum, L., BOYARSKY, A. H., & Nosher, J. L. (1990). THE ADEQUACY AND COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF ROUTINE RESUSCITATION-AREA CERVICAL-SPINE RADIOGRAPHS. ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE, 19(3), 276–278.
  
• 
  
• Abdominal wall reconstruction with dual layer cross-linked porcine dermal xenograft: The "Pork Sandwich" herniorraphy Satterwhite, T. S., Miri, S., Chung, C., Spain, D. A., Lorenz, H. P., & Lee, G. K. (2012). Abdominal wall reconstruction with dual layer cross-linked porcine dermal xenograft: The "Pork Sandwich" herniorraphy. JOURNAL OF PLASTIC RECONSTRUCTIVE AND AESTHETIC SURGERY, 65(3), 333–41.
  
• Statins for Everyone Are We There Yet? Spain, D. A. (2012). Statins for Everyone Are We There Yet? ARCHIVES OF SURGERY, 147(2), 189–189.
  
• 
  
• 
  
• Predictors of emergency department death for patients presenting with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms Mell, M. W., Callcut, R. A., Bech, F., Delgado, M. K., Staudenmayer, K., Spain, D. A., & Hernandez-Boussard, T. (2012). Predictors of emergency department death for patients presenting with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms. JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY, 56(3), 651–655.
  
• 
  
• Whipple operation revisited. Spain, D. A., & Greco, R. S. (1990). Whipple operation revisited. New Jersey Medicine : the Journal of the Medical Society of New Jersey, 87(1), 41–44.
  
• 
  
• 
  
• HAEMOPHILUS PNEUMONIA IS A COMMON-CAUSE OF EARLY PULMONARY DYSFUNCTION FOLLOWING TRAUMA Spain, D. A., Wilson, M. A., Boaz, P. W., Barnatan, M. F., & Garrison, R. N. (1995). HAEMOPHILUS PNEUMONIA IS A COMMON-CAUSE OF EARLY PULMONARY DYSFUNCTION FOLLOWING TRAUMA. ARCHIVES OF SURGERY, 130(11), 1228–1232.
  
• Transpyloric passage of feeding tubes in patients with head injuries does not decrease complications Spain, D. A., DEWEESE, C., REYNOLDS, M. A., & Richardson, J. D. (1995). Transpyloric passage of feeding tubes in patients with head injuries does not decrease complications. JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE, 39(6), 1100–1102.
  
• NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE INHIBITION AGGRAVATES INTESTINAL MICROVASCULAR VASOCONSTRICTION AND HYPOPERFUSION OF BACTEREMIA Spain, D. A., Wilson, M. A., Barnatan, M. F., Garrison, R. N., GRYER, H. G., & Swan, K. G. (1994). NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE INHIBITION AGGRAVATES INTESTINAL MICROVASCULAR VASOCONSTRICTION AND HYPOPERFUSION OF BACTEREMIA. JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE, 36(5), 720–725.
  
• NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE INHIBITION EXACERBATES SEPSIS-INDUCED RENAL HYPOPERFUSION Spain, D. A., Wilson, M. A., & Garrison, R. N. (1994). NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE INHIBITION EXACERBATES SEPSIS-INDUCED RENAL HYPOPERFUSION. SURGERY, 116(2), 322–331.
  
• ROLE OF NITRIC-OXIDE IN THE SMALL-INTESTINAL MICROCIRCULATION DURING BACTEREMIA Spain, D. A., Wilson, M. A., Barnatan, M. F., & Garrison, R. N. (1994). ROLE OF NITRIC-OXIDE IN THE SMALL-INTESTINAL MICROCIRCULATION DURING BACTEREMIA. SHOCK, 2(1), 41–46.
  
• IS THE TIMING OF FRACTURE FIXATION IMPORTANT FOR THE PATIENT WITH MULTIPLE TRAUMA REYNOLDS, M. A., Richardson, J. D., Spain, D. A., Seligson, D., Wilson, M. A., & Miller, F. B. (1995). IS THE TIMING OF FRACTURE FIXATION IMPORTANT FOR THE PATIENT WITH MULTIPLE TRAUMA. ANNALS OF SURGERY, 222(4), 470–481.
  
• NITRIC-OXIDE MEDIATES REDISTRIBUTION OF INTRARENAL BLOOD-FLOW DURING BACTEREMIA Garrison, R. N., Wilson, M. A., Matheson, P. J., & Spain, D. A. (1995). NITRIC-OXIDE MEDIATES REDISTRIBUTION OF INTRARENAL BLOOD-FLOW DURING BACTEREMIA. JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE, 39(1), 90–97.
  
• ALPHA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR ANTAGONISM PREVENTS INTESTINAL VASOCONSTRICTION BUT NOT HYPOPERFUSION FOLLOWING RESUSCITATED HEMORRHAGE THEUER, C. J., Wilson, M. A., Spain, D. A., Edwards, M. J., & Garrison, R. N. (1995). ALPHA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR ANTAGONISM PREVENTS INTESTINAL VASOCONSTRICTION BUT NOT HYPOPERFUSION FOLLOWING RESUSCITATED HEMORRHAGE. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH, 59(2), 292–298.
  
• DIFFERENTIAL MICROVASCULAR RESPONSE TO CYCLOOXYGENASE BLOCKADE IN THE RAT SMALL-INTESTINE DURING ACUTE BACTEREMIA Gosche, J. R., Spain, D. A., Garrison, R. N., Lubbe, A. S., & Cryer, H. G. (1994). DIFFERENTIAL MICROVASCULAR RESPONSE TO CYCLOOXYGENASE BLOCKADE IN THE RAT SMALL-INTESTINE DURING ACUTE BACTEREMIA. SHOCK, 2(6), 408–412.
  
• AN EXPERIMENTAL-STUDY OF ALTERED NITRIC-OXIDE METABOLISM AS A MECHANISM OF CYCLOSPORINE-INDUCED RENAL VASOCONSTRICTION BLOOM, I. T. M., Bentley, F. R., Spain, D. A., & Garrison, R. N. (1995). AN EXPERIMENTAL-STUDY OF ALTERED NITRIC-OXIDE METABOLISM AS A MECHANISM OF CYCLOSPORINE-INDUCED RENAL VASOCONSTRICTION. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY, 82(2), 195–198.
  
• PLATELET-ACTIVATING-FACTOR AND SEPSIS-INDUCED SMALL-INTESTINAL MICROVASCULAR HYPOPERFUSION Barnatan, M. F., Wilson, M. A., Spain, D. A., & Garrison, R. N. (1995). PLATELET-ACTIVATING-FACTOR AND SEPSIS-INDUCED SMALL-INTESTINAL MICROVASCULAR HYPOPERFUSION. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH, 58(1), 38–45.
  
• The delirious ICU patient: often misdiagnosed and undertreated. Spain, D. A., & Miller, F. B. (1995). The delirious ICU patient: often misdiagnosed and undertreated. Journal of the Kentucky Medical Association, 93(1), 10–14.
  
• RENAL MICROVASCULAR RESPONSES TO SEPSIS ARE DEPENDENT ON NITRIC-OXIDE Spain, D. A., Wilson, M. A., BLOOM, I. T. M., & Garrison, R. N. (1994). RENAL MICROVASCULAR RESPONSES TO SEPSIS ARE DEPENDENT ON NITRIC-OXIDE. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH, 56(6), 524–529.
  
• ANTIBIOTIC OVERKILL OF TRAUMA VICTIMS Hadjiminas, D., Cheadle, W. G., Spain, D. A., Wilson, M. A., Short, A., Starko, K. M., … Rodriguez, J. L. (1994). ANTIBIOTIC OVERKILL OF TRAUMA VICTIMS. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY, 168(3), 288–290.
  
• TRACHEOSTOMY AND PERCUTANEOUS ENDOSCOPIC GASTROSTOMY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF THE HEAD-INJURED TRAUMA PATIENT DAMELIO, L. F., Hammond, J. S., Spain, D. A., & Sutyak, J. P. (1994). TRACHEOSTOMY AND PERCUTANEOUS ENDOSCOPIC GASTROSTOMY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF THE HEAD-INJURED TRAUMA PATIENT. AMERICAN SURGEON, 60(3), 180–185.
  
• OPERATIVE TUBE VERSUS PERCUTANEOUS CHOLECYSTOSTOMY FOR ACUTE CHOLECYSTITIS Spain, D. A., Bibbo, C., ECKER, T., Nosher, J. L., & Brolin, R. E. (1993). OPERATIVE TUBE VERSUS PERCUTANEOUS CHOLECYSTOSTOMY FOR ACUTE CHOLECYSTITIS. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY, 166(1), 28–31.
  
• NONOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT OF BILATERAL SHATTERED KIDNEYS FROM BLUNT TRAUMA Spain, D. A., Berger, Y., BOYARSKY, A. H., & Flancbaum, L. J. (1993). NONOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT OF BILATERAL SHATTERED KIDNEYS FROM BLUNT TRAUMA. UROLOGY, 41(6), 579–581.
  
• Preoperative saline loading improves outcome after elective, noncardiac surgical procedures Garrison, R. N., Wilson, M. A., Matheson, P. J., & Spain, D. A. (1996). Preoperative saline loading improves outcome after elective, noncardiac surgical procedures. AMERICAN SURGEON, 62(3), 223–231.
  
• ENDOTHELIN-1 EXPRESSION IN THE SMALL-INTESTINE DURING CHRONIC PERITONITIS Chou, M. C., Wilson, M. A., Spain, D. A., Hadjiminas, D., Anderson, G. L., Cheadle, W. G., & Garrison, R. N. (1995). ENDOTHELIN-1 EXPRESSION IN THE SMALL-INTESTINE DURING CHRONIC PERITONITIS. SHOCK, 4(6), 411–414.
  
• Predicting the need to pack early for severe intra-abdominal hemorrhage Garrison, J. R., Richardson, J. D., HILAKOS, A. S., Spain, D. A., Miller, F. B., & Fulton, R. L. (1996). Predicting the need to pack early for severe intra-abdominal hemorrhage. JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE, 40(6), 923–927.
  
• Vasomotor response to pentoxifylline mediates improved renal blood flow to bacteremia. Krysztopik, R. J., Bentley, F. R., Wilson, M. A., Spain, D. A., & Garrison, R. N. (1996). Vasomotor response to pentoxifylline mediates improved renal blood flow to bacteremia. Journal of Surgical Research, 63(1), 17–22.
  
• Complex thoracic injuries Richardson, J. D., Miller, F. B., Carrillo, E. H., & Spain, D. A. (1996). Complex thoracic injuries. SURGICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA, 76(4), 725-?
  
• Fluid resuscitation attenuates early cytokine mRNA expression after peritonitis Wilson, M. A., Chou, M. C., Spain, D. A., Downard, P. J., Qian, Q. H., Cheadle, W. G., & Garrison, R. N. (1996). Fluid resuscitation attenuates early cytokine mRNA expression after peritonitis. JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE, 41(4), 622–627.
  
• Free radical scavenging by lazaroids improves renal blood flow during sepsis Krysztopik, R. J., Bentley, F. R., Spain, D. A., Wilson, M. A., & Garrison, R. N. (1996). Free radical scavenging by lazaroids improves renal blood flow during sepsis. SURGERY, 120(4), 657–662.
  
• Operative strategies for management of abdominal aortic gunshot wounds Richardson, J. D., Bergamini, T. M., Spain, D. A., Wilson, M. A., Carrillo, E. H., Garrison, R. N., … Miller, F. B. (1996). Operative strategies for management of abdominal aortic gunshot wounds. SURGERY, 120(4), 667–671.
  
• Heparan preserves intestinal perfusion after hemorrhage and resuscitation Watkins, J. M., Spain, D. A., Krysztopik, R. J., Downard, P. J., Wilson, M. A., & Garrison, R. N. (1996). Heparan preserves intestinal perfusion after hemorrhage and resuscitation. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH, 66(2), 154–158.
  
• Blunt popliteal artery trauma: A challenging injury Harrell, D. J., Spain, D. A., Bergamini, T. M., Miller, F. B., & Richardson, J. D. (1997). Blunt popliteal artery trauma: A challenging injury. AMERICAN SURGEON, 63(3), 228–231.
  
• Differential intestinal microvascular dysfunction occurs during bacteremia Spain, D. A., Wilson, M. A., Krysztopik, R. J., Matheson, P. J., & Garrison, R. N. (1997). Differential intestinal microvascular dysfunction occurs during bacteremia. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH, 67(1), 67–71.
  
• Venous thromboembolism in the high-risk trauma patient: Do risks justify aggressive screening and prophylaxis? Spain, D. A., Richardson, J. D., Polk, H. C., Bergamini, T. M., Wilson, M. A., & Miller, F. B. (1997). Venous thromboembolism in the high-risk trauma patient: Do risks justify aggressive screening and prophylaxis? JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE, 42(3), 463–467.
  
• The role of thoracoscopy in the management of retained thoracic collections after trauma Heniford, B. T., Carrillo, E. H., Spain, D. A., Sosa, J. L., Fulton, R. L., & Richardson, J. D. (1997). The role of thoracoscopy in the management of retained thoracic collections after trauma. ANNALS OF THORACIC SURGERY, 63(4), 940–943.
  
• Lazaroids prevent acute cyclosporine-induced renal vasoconstriction Krysztopik, R. J., Bentley, F. R., Spain, D. A., Wilson, M. A., & Garrison, R. N. (1997). Lazaroids prevent acute cyclosporine-induced renal vasoconstriction. TRANSPLANTATION, 63(9), 1215–1220.
  
• Intrahepatic vascular clamping in complex hepatic vein injuries Carrillo, E. H., Spain, D. A., Miller, F. B., & Richardson, J. D. (1997). Intrahepatic vascular clamping in complex hepatic vein injuries. JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE, 43(1), 131–133.
  
• Heme oxygenase-dependent carbon monoxide production is a hepatic adaptive response to sepsis Downard, P. J., Wilson, M. A., Spain, D. A., Matheson, P. J., Siow, Y., & Garrison, R. N. (1997). Heme oxygenase-dependent carbon monoxide production is a hepatic adaptive response to sepsis. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH, 71(1), 7–12.
  
• Risk-taking behaviors among adolescent trauma patients Spain, D. A., Boaz, P. W., Davidson, D. J., Miller, F. B., Carrillo, E. H., & Richardson, J. D. (1997). Risk-taking behaviors among adolescent trauma patients. JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE, 43(3), 423–426.
  
• Bedside percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy - A safe alternative for early nutritional support in critically ill trauma patients Carrillo, E. H., Heniford, B. T., Osborne, D. L., Spain, D. A., Miller, F. B., & Richardson, J. D. (1997). Bedside percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy - A safe alternative for early nutritional support in critically ill trauma patients. SURGICAL ENDOSCOPY-ULTRASOUND AND INTERVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES, 11(11), 1068–1071.
  
• Glucose-induced intestinal hyperemia is mediated by nitric oxide Matheson, P. J., Wilson, M. A., Spain, D. A., Harris, P. D., Anderson, G. L., & Garrison, R. N. (1997). Glucose-induced intestinal hyperemia is mediated by nitric oxide. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH, 72(2), 146–154.
  
• Twelfth rib resection - Preferred therapy for subphrenic abscess in selected surgical patients Spain, D. A., Martin, R. C. G., Carrillo, E. H., & Polk, H. C. (1997). Twelfth rib resection - Preferred therapy for subphrenic abscess in selected surgical patients. ARCHIVES OF SURGERY, 132(11), 1203–1206.
  
• Percutaneous dilational tracheostomy for airway control Carrillo, E. H., Spain, D. A., Bumpous, J. M., Schmieg, R. E., Miller, F. B., & Richardson, J. D. (1997). Percutaneous dilational tracheostomy for airway control. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY, 174(5), 469–473.
  
• Quality assessment of intraoperative blood salvage and autotransfusion Spain, D. A., Miller, F. B., Bergamini, T. M., Montgomery, R. C., & Richardson, J. D. (1997). Quality assessment of intraoperative blood salvage and autotransfusion. AMERICAN SURGEON, 63(12), 1059–1063.
  
• Lazaroid improves intestinal blood flow in the rat during hyperdynamic bacteraemia Krysztopik, R. J., Bentley, F. R., Spain, D. A., Wilson, M. A., & Garrison, R. N. (1997). Lazaroid improves intestinal blood flow in the rat during hyperdynamic bacteraemia. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY, 84(12), 1717–1721.
  
• Impact of trauma attending surgeon case volume on outcome: Is more better? Richardson, J. D., Schmieg, R., Boaz, P., Spain, D. A., Wohltmann, C., Wilson, M. A., … Fulton, R. L. (1998). Impact of trauma attending surgeon case volume on outcome: Is more better? JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE, 44(2), 266–271.
  
• Comparison of sequential compression devices and foot pumps for prophylaxis of deep venous thrombosis in high-risk trauma patients Spain, D. A., Bergamini, T. M., Hoffmann, J. F., Carrillo, E. H., & Richardson, J. D. (1998). Comparison of sequential compression devices and foot pumps for prophylaxis of deep venous thrombosis in high-risk trauma patients. AMERICAN SURGEON, 64(6), 522–526.
  
• Thoracoscopy in the management of posttraumatic persistent pneumothorax Carrillo, E. H., Schmacht, D. C., Gable, D. R., Spain, D. A., & Richardson, J. D. (1998). Thoracoscopy in the management of posttraumatic persistent pneumothorax. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS, 186(6), 636–639.
  
• Alternatives in the management of penetrating injuries to the iliac vessels Carrillo, E. H., Spain, D. A., Wilson, M. A., Miller, F. B., & Richardson, J. D. (1998). Alternatives in the management of penetrating injuries to the iliac vessels. JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE, 44(6), 1024–1029.
  
• Microvascular changes explain the "two-hit" theory of multiple organ failure Garrison, R. N., Spain, D. A., Wilson, M. A., Keelen, P. A., & Harris, P. D. (1998). Microvascular changes explain the "two-hit" theory of multiple organ failure. ANNALS OF SURGERY, 227(6), 851–859.
  
• Nutritional management in acute and chronic pancreatitis McClave, S. A., Spain, D. A., & Snider, H. L. (1998). Nutritional management in acute and chronic pancreatitis. GASTROENTEROLOGY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA, 27(2), 421-?
  
• Effect of a clinical pathway for severe traumatic brain injury on resource utilization Spain, D. A., McIlvoy, L. H., Fix, S. E., Carrillo, E. H., Boaz, P. W., Harpring, J. E., … Miller, F. B. (1998). Effect of a clinical pathway for severe traumatic brain injury on resource utilization. JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE, 45(1), 101–104.
  
• Complement inhibition prevents gut ischemia and endothelial cell dysfunction after hemorrhage/resuscitation Fruchterman, T. M., Spain, D. A., Wilson, M. A., Harris, P. D., & Garrison, R. N. (1998). Complement inhibition prevents gut ischemia and endothelial cell dysfunction after hemorrhage/resuscitation. SURGERY, 124(4), 782–792.
  
• Small intestinal production of nitric oxide is decreased following resuscitated hemorrhage Fruchterman, T. M., Spain, D. A., Matheson, P. J., Martin, A. W., Wilson, M. A., Harris, P. D., & Garrison, R. N. (1998). Small intestinal production of nitric oxide is decreased following resuscitated hemorrhage. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH, 80(1), 102–109.
  
• Selective microvascular endothelial cell dysfunction in the small intestine following resuscitated hemorrhagic shock Fruchterman, T. M., Spain, D. A., Wilson, M. A., Harris, P. D., & Garrison, R. N. (1998). Selective microvascular endothelial cell dysfunction in the small intestine following resuscitated hemorrhagic shock. SHOCK, 10(6), 417–422.
  
• Altered vasoconstrictor and dilator responses after a "two-hit" model of sequential hemorrhage and bacteremia Price, S. A., Spain, D. A., Wilson, M. A., Harris, P. D., & Garrison, R. N. (1999). Altered vasoconstrictor and dilator responses after a "two-hit" model of sequential hemorrhage and bacteremia. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH, 81(1), 59–64.
  
• Rates of overtriage & undertriage at a level 1 trauma center Seiver, A., DiDomenico, P., Spain, D., Gregg, D., & Curet, M. (2002). Rates of overtriage & undertriage at a level 1 trauma center. CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE, 30(12), A58–A58.
  
• Development and implementation of a clinical pathway for severe traumatic brain injury Vitaz, T. W., McIlvoy, L., Raque, G. H., Spain, D., & Shields, C. B. (2001). Development and implementation of a clinical pathway for severe traumatic brain injury. JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE, 51(2), 369–375.
  
• 
  
• Poor validity of residual volumes as a marker for risk of aspiration in critically ill patients McClave, S. A., Lukan, J. K., Stefater, J. A., Lowen, C. C., Looney, S. W., Matheson, P. J., … Spain, D. A. (2005). Poor validity of residual volumes as a marker for risk of aspiration in critically ill patients. CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE, 33(2), 324–330.
  
• Cost-effectiveness of preoperative imaging for appendicitis after indeterminate ultrasonography in the second or third trimester of pregnancy. Kastenberg, Z. J., Hurley, M. P., Luan, A., Vasu-Devan, V., Spain, D. A., Owens, D. K., & Goldhaber-Fiebert, J. D. (2013). Cost-effectiveness of preoperative imaging for appendicitis after indeterminate ultrasonography in the second or third trimester of pregnancy. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 122(4), 821–829.
  
• Under-Utilization of Transfer for Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (rAAA) in the Western United States Mell, M. W., Callcut, R. A., Bech, F., Delgado, K., Staudenmayer, K., Spain, D. A., & Hernandez-Boussard, T. (2011). Under-Utilization of Transfer for Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (rAAA) in the Western United States. JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY, 54(2), 590–591.
  
• Factors associated with the disposition of severely injured patients initially seen at non–trauma center emergency departments: disparities by insurance status. Delgado, M. K., Yokell, M. A., Staudenmayer, K. L., Spain, D. A., Hernandez-Boussard, T., & Wang, N. E. (2014). Factors associated with the disposition of severely injured patients initially seen at non–trauma center emergency departments: disparities by insurance status. JAMA Surgery, 149(5), 422–430.
  
• 
  
• The epidemiology of trauma-related mortality in the United States from 2002 to 2010. Sise, R. G., Calvo, R. Y., Spain, D. A., Weiser, T. G., & Staudenmayer, K. L. (2014). The epidemiology of trauma-related mortality in the United States from 2002 to 2010. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 76(4), 913–920.
  
• An Evaluation of Multidetector Computed Tomography in Detecting Pancreatic Injury: Results of a Multicenter AAST Study Phelan, H. A., Velmahos, G. C., Jurkovich, G. J., Friese, R. S., Minei, J. P., Menaker, J. A., … Cothren, C. C. (2009). An Evaluation of Multidetector Computed Tomography in Detecting Pancreatic Injury: Results of a Multicenter AAST Study. JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE, 66(3), 641–646.
  
• Factors Associated With the Disposition of Severely Injured Patients Initially Seen at Non-Trauma Center Emergency Departments Disparities by Insurance Status Delgado, M. K., Yokell, M. A., Staudenmayer, K. L., Spain, D. A., Hernandez-Boussard, T., & Wang, N. E. (2014). Factors Associated With the Disposition of Severely Injured Patients Initially Seen at Non-Trauma Center Emergency Departments Disparities by Insurance Status. JAMA SURGERY, 149(5), 422–30.
  
• Cost-effectiveness of helicopter versus ground emergency medical services for trauma scene transport in the United States. Delgado, M. K., Staudenmayer, K. L., Wang, N. E., Spain, D. A., Weir, S., Owens, D. K., & Goldhaber-Fiebert, J. D. (2013). Cost-effectiveness of helicopter versus ground emergency medical services for trauma scene transport in the United States. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 62(4), 351–64 e19.
  
• Variations in Pediatric Trauma Transfer Patterns in Northern California Pediatric Trauma Centers (2001-2009) Vogel, L. D., Vongsachang, H., Pirrotta, E., Holmes, J. M., Sherck, J., Newton, C., … Wang, N. E. (2014). Variations in Pediatric Trauma Transfer Patterns in Northern California Pediatric Trauma Centers (2001-2009). ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, 21(9), 1023–30.
  
• Environmental Sampling for Clostridium difficile on Alcohol-Based Hand Rub Dispensers in an Academic Medical Center Forrester, J. D., Banaei, N., Buchner, P., Spain, D. A., & Staudenmayer, K. L. (2014). Environmental Sampling for Clostridium difficile on Alcohol-Based Hand Rub Dispensers in an Academic Medical Center. SURGICAL INFECTIONS, 15(5), 581–84.
  
• Ground-level Falls Are a Marker of Poor Outcome in the Injured Elderly Gerry, J. M., Spain, D. A., & Staudenmayer, K. L. (2014). Ground-level Falls Are a Marker of Poor Outcome in the Injured Elderly. AMERICAN SURGEON, 80(11), 1171–1173.
  
• 
  
• Nitric oxide: A compensatory mediator of bacteremia-induced visceral microvascular hypoperfusion Spain, D. A., Wilson, M. A., THEUER, H. H., & Garrison, R. N. (1996). Nitric oxide: A compensatory mediator of bacteremia-induced visceral microvascular hypoperfusion. Presented at the 3rd International Congress on the Immune Consequences of Trauma, Shock and Sepsis - Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches, MUNICH,GERMANY: PABST SCIENCE PUBLISHERS.
  
• Acute care surgery: Trauma, critical care, and emergency surgery Jurkovich, G. J., Angood, P. B., Britt, L. D., Cioffi, W. G., Cryer, H. G., Esposito, T. J., … Trunkey, D. D. (2005). Acute care surgery: Trauma, critical care, and emergency surgery. JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE, 58(3), 614–616.
  
• Training and Certification in Surgical Critical Care: A Position Paper by the Surgical Critical Care Program Directors Society Alam, H. B., Chipman, J. G., Luchette, F. A., Shapiro, M. J., Spain, D. A., & Cioffi, W. (2010). Training and Certification in Surgical Critical Care: A Position Paper by the Surgical Critical Care Program Directors Society. JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE, 69(2), 471–474.
  
• Clostridium ramosum Bacteremia: Case Report and Literature Review Forrester, J. D., & Spain, D. A. (2014). Clostridium ramosum Bacteremia: Case Report and Literature Review. SURGICAL INFECTIONS, 15(3), 343–346.
  
• 
  
• 
  
• Variations in pediatric trauma transfer patterns in Northern California pediatric trauma centers (2001-2009). Vogel, L. D., Vongsachang, H., Pirrotta, E., Holmes, J. F., Sherck, J., Newton, C., … Wang, N. E. (2014). Variations in pediatric trauma transfer patterns in Northern California pediatric trauma centers (2001-2009). Academic Emergency Medicine , 21(9), 1023–1030.
  
• 
  
• 
  
• Sonographic Identification of Tube Thoracostomy Study (SITTS): Confirmation of Intrathoracic Placement. Jenkins, J. A., Gharahbaghian, L., Doniger, S. J., Bradley, S., Crandall, S., Spain, D. A., & Williams, S. R. (2012). Sonographic Identification of Tube Thoracostomy Study (SITTS): Confirmation of Intrathoracic Placement. The Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, 13(4), 305–11.
  
• 
  
• 
  
• Trends in the management of pelvic fractures, 2008-2010 Chu, C. H., Tennakoon, L., Maggio, P. M., Weiser, T. G., Spain, D. A., & Staudenmayer, K. L. (2016). Trends in the management of pelvic fractures, 2008-2010. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH, 202(2), 335–340.
  
• Development and Validation of a Brief Self-Report Measure of Trauma Exposure: The Trauma History Screen Carlson, E. B., Smith, S. R., Palmieri, P. A., Dalenberg, C., Ruzek, J. I., Kimerling, R., … Spain, D. A. (2011). Development and Validation of a Brief Self-Report Measure of Trauma Exposure: The Trauma History Screen. PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, 23(2), 463–77.
  
• Advantages and psychometric validation of proximal intensive assessments of patient-reported outcomes collected in daily life Carlson, E. B., Field, N. P., Ruzek, J. I., Bryant, R. A., Dalenberg, C. J., Keane, T. M., & Spain, D. A. (2016). Advantages and psychometric validation of proximal intensive assessments of patient-reported outcomes collected in daily life. QUALITY OF LIFE RESEARCH, 25(3), 507–16.
  
• The Triage of Injured Patients: Mechanism of Injury, Regardless of Injury Severity, Determines Hospital Destination Staudenmayer, K., Wang, N. E., Weiser, T. G., Maggio, P., Mackersie, R. C., Spain, D., & Hsia, R. Y. (2016). The Triage of Injured Patients: Mechanism of Injury, Regardless of Injury Severity, Determines Hospital Destination. AMERICAN SURGEON, 82(4), 356–61.
  
• 
  
• The significance of underlying cardiac comorbidity on major adverse cardiac events after major liver resection. Tran, T. B., Worhunsky, D. J., Spain, D. A., Dua, M. M., Visser, B. C., Norton, J. A., & Poultsides, G. A. (2016). The significance of underlying cardiac comorbidity on major adverse cardiac events after major liver resection. HPB , 18(9), 742–47.
  
• The impact of hypopituitarism on function and performance in subjects with recent history of traumatic brain injury and aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage Srinivasan, L., Roberts, B., Bushnik, T., Englander, J., Spain, D. A., Steinberg, G. K., … Katznelson, L. (2009). The impact of hypopituitarism on function and performance in subjects with recent history of traumatic brain injury and aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. BRAIN INJURY, 23(7-8), 639–48.
  
• Adding Insult to Injury: Discontinuous Insurance Following Spine Trauma Kastenberg, Z. J., Hurley, M. P., Weiser, T. G., Cole, T. S., Staudenmayer, K. L., Spain, D. A., & Ratliff, J. K. (2015). Adding Insult to Injury: Discontinuous Insurance Following Spine Trauma. JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME, 97A(2), 141–46.
  
• The continuing challenge of intra-abdominal infection Cheadle, W. G., & Spain, D. A. (2003). The continuing challenge of intra-abdominal infection. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY, 186(6A), 15S–22S.
  
• Vasomotor response to pentoxifylline mediates improved renal blood flow in bacteremia Krysztopik, R. J., Bentley, F. R., Spain, D. A., & Garrison, R. N. (1996). Vasomotor response to pentoxifylline mediates improved renal blood flow in bacteremia. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH, 63(1), 17–22.
  
• International rotations: A valuable source to supplement operative experience for acute care surgery, trauma and surgical critical care fellows. Ferrada, P., Ivatury, R. R., Spain, D. A., Davis, K. A., Aboutanos, M., Fildes, J. J., & Scalea, T. M. (2016). International rotations: A valuable source to supplement operative experience for acute care surgery, trauma and surgical critical care fellows. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, -?
  
• The American College of Surgeons (ACS) Needs-Based Assessment of Trauma Systems (NBATS): Estimates for the State of California. Uribe-Leitz, T., Esquivel, M. M., Knowlton, L. M., Ciesla, D., Lin, F., Hsia, R. Y., … Staudenmayer, K. L. (2017). The American College of Surgeons (ACS) Needs-Based Assessment of Trauma Systems (NBATS): Estimates for the State of California. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery.
  
• Use of Unsolicited Patient Observations to Identify Surgeons With Increased Risk for Postoperative Complications. Cooper, W. O., Guillamondegui, O., Hines, O. J., Hultman, C. S., Kelz, R. R., Shen, P., … Hickson, G. B. (2017). Use of Unsolicited Patient Observations to Identify Surgeons With Increased Risk for Postoperative Complications. JAMA Surgery.
  
• Population-based estimate of trauma-related deaths for law enforcement personnel: Risks for death are higher and increasing over time. Eastman, A. L., Cripps, M. W., AbdelFattah, K. R., Inaba, K., Weiser, T. G., Spain, D. A., & Staudenmayer, K. L. (2017). Population-based estimate of trauma-related deaths for law enforcement personnel: Risks for death are higher and increasing over time. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery.
  
• 
  
• The trauma ecosystem: The impact and economics of new trauma centers on a mature statewide trauma system. Ciesla, D. J., Pracht, E. E., Leitz, P. T., Spain, D. A., Staudenmayer, K. L., & Tepas, J. J. (2017). The trauma ecosystem: The impact and economics of new trauma centers on a mature statewide trauma system. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 82(6), 1014–22.
  
• Care and caring in the intensive care unit: Family members' distress and perceptions about staff skills, communication, and emotional support Carlson, E. B., Spain, D. A., Muhtadie, L., McDade-Montez, L., & Macia, K. S. (2015). Care and caring in the intensive care unit: Family members' distress and perceptions about staff skills, communication, and emotional support. JOURNAL OF CRITICAL CARE, 30(3), 557–61.
  
• National Readmission Patterns of Isolated Splenic Injuries Based on Initial Management Strategy. Rosenberg, G. M., Knowlton, L., Rajasingh, C., Weng, Y., Maggio, P. M., Spain, D. A., & Staudenmayer, K. L. (2017). National Readmission Patterns of Isolated Splenic Injuries Based on Initial Management Strategy. JAMA Surgery, 152(12), 1119–25.
  
• Surgical deserts in California: an analysis of access to surgical care Uribe-Leitz, T., Esquivel, M. M., Garland, N. Y., Staudenmayer, K. L., Spain, D. A., & Weiser, T. G. (2018). Surgical deserts in California: an analysis of access to surgical care. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH, 223, 102–8.
  
• Nontraumatic Clostridium septicum Myonecrosis in Adults Case Report and a 15-Year Systematic Literature Review Forrester, J. D., Shkolyar, E., Gregg, D., Spain, D. A., & Weiser, T. G. (2016). Nontraumatic Clostridium septicum Myonecrosis in Adults Case Report and a 15-Year Systematic Literature Review. INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE, 24(6), 318–23.
  
• Letter to the Editor. Spitzer, S. A., Vail, D., Rajasingh, C. M., Tennakoon, L., Spain, D. A., & Weiser, T. G. (2017). Letter to the Editor. Annals of Surgery.
  
• 
  
• Trauma advanced practice provider programme development in an academic setting to optimize care coordination. Woodfall, M. C., Browder, T. D., Alfaro, J. M., Claudius, M. A., Chan, G. K., Robinson, D. G., & Spain, D. A. (2017). Trauma advanced practice provider programme development in an academic setting to optimize care coordination. Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open, 2(1), e000068.
  
• Contributions of risk and protective factors to prediction of psychological symptoms after traumatic experiences Carlson, E. B., Palmieri, P. A., Field, N. P., Dalenberg, C. J., Macia, K. S., & Spain, D. A. (2016). Contributions of risk and protective factors to prediction of psychological symptoms after traumatic experiences. COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHIATRY, 69, 106–15.
  
• The Effect of Chronic Kidney Disease on Postoperative Outcomes after Major Hepatectomy: Results from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Tran, T. B., Dua, M. M., Spain, D. A., Poultsides, G. A., Norton, J. A., & Visser, B. C. (2015). The Effect of Chronic Kidney Disease on Postoperative Outcomes after Major Hepatectomy: Results from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS, 221(4), S94–S95.
  
• A geospatial evaluation of timely access to surgical care in seven countries Knowlton, L. M., Banguti, P., Chackungal, S., Chanthasiri, T., Chao, T. E., Dahn, B., … Weiser, T. G. (2017). A geospatial evaluation of timely access to surgical care in seven countries. BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, 95(6), 437–44.
  
• Development and preliminary performance of a risk factor screen to predict posttraumatic psychological disorder after trauma exposure Carlson, E. B., Palmieri, P. A., & Spain, D. A. (2017). Development and preliminary performance of a risk factor screen to predict posttraumatic psychological disorder after trauma exposure. GENERAL HOSPITAL PSYCHIATRY, 46, 25–31.
  
• 
  
• A Multinational Evaluation of Timely Access to Basic Surgical Services Using Geospatial Analyses Knowlton, L.-M., Esquivel, M., Uribe-Leitz, T., Mcqueen, K., Chackungal, S., LeBrun, D. G., … Spain, D. A. (2016). A Multinational Evaluation of Timely Access to Basic Surgical Services Using Geospatial Analyses. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS, 223(4), E118.
  
• Splenic trauma: WSES classification and guidelines for adult and pediatric patients Coccolini, F., Montori, G., Catena, F., Kluger, Y., Biffl, W., Moore, E. E., … Ansaloni, L. (2017). Splenic trauma: WSES classification and guidelines for adult and pediatric patients. WORLD JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY SURGERY, 12, 40.
  
• 
  
• 
  
• 
  
• The association between angioembolization and splenic salvage for isolated splenic injuries. Rosenberg, G. M., Weiser, T. G., Maggio, P. M., Browder, T. D., Tennakoon, L., Spain, D. A., & Staudenmayer, K. L. (2018). The association between angioembolization and splenic salvage for isolated splenic injuries. The Journal of Surgical Research, 229, 150–55.
  
• 
  
• Operative vs Nonoperative Management of Appendicitis: A Long-Term Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Sceats, L. A., Coughran, A., Barnes, B., Grimm, E. L., Muffly, M., Spain, D. A., … Fiebert, J. D. G. (2018). Operative vs Nonoperative Management of Appendicitis: A Long-Term Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS, 227(4), S157–S158.
  
• 
  
• 
  
• Letter to the Editor Spitzer, S. A., Vail, D., Rajasingh, C. M., Tennakoon, L., Spain, D. A., & Weiser, T. G. (2018). Letter to the Editor. ANNALS OF SURGERY, 268(6), E77–E78.
  
• 
  
• The Future of Emergency General Surgery. Havens, J. M., Neiman, P. U., Campbell, B. L., Croce, M. A., Spain, D. A., & Napolitano, L. M. (2018). The Future of Emergency General Surgery. Annals of Surgery.
  
•