Publications

• Incidence of simultaneous epidural and vascular injection during lumbosacral transforaminal epidural injections.
  Smuck, M., Fuller, B. J., Yoder, B., & Huerta, J. (2007). Incidence of simultaneous epidural and vascular injection during lumbosacral transforaminal epidural injections. Spine Journal , 7(1), 79–82.
• Epidural fibrosis following percutaneous disc decompression with coblation technology.
  Smuck, M., Benny, B., Han, A., & Levin, J. (2007). Epidural fibrosis following percutaneous disc decompression with coblation technology. Pain Physician, 10(5), 691–696.
• Irreversible spinal nerve injury from dorsal ramus radiofrequency neurotomy: A case report
  Abbott, Z., Smuck, M., Haig, A., & Sagher, O. (2007). Irreversible spinal nerve injury from dorsal ramus radiofrequency neurotomy: A case report. ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION, 88(10), 1350–1352.
• Re: Scanlon GC, Moeller-Bertram T, Romanowsky SM, et al. Cervical transforaminal epidural steroid injections: more dangerous than we think? Spine 2007;32:1249-56. Smuck, M. W., & Levin, J. H. (2007). Re: Scanlon GC, Moeller-Bertram T, Romanowsky SM, et al. Cervical transforaminal epidural steroid injections: more dangerous than we think? Spine 2007;32:1249-56. Spine, 32(23), 2638-?
  
• Author reply to "Letter to the editor" by Manchikanti and Singh (Spine J. 2007(5)) regarding "Incidence of simultaneous epidural and vascular injection during lumbosacral transforaminal epidural injections" Smuck, M., & Fuller, B. J. (2007). Author reply to "Letter to the editor" by Manchikanti and Singh (Spine J. 2007(5)) regarding "Incidence of simultaneous epidural and vascular injection during lumbosacral transforaminal epidural injections". SPINE JOURNAL, 7(6), 749–749.
  
• An unusual cause of S1 radicular pain presenting as early phantom pain in a transfemoral amputee: A case report Smuck, M., Christensen, S., Lee, S. S., & Sagher, O. (2008). An unusual cause of S1 radicular pain presenting as early phantom pain in a transfemoral amputee: A case report. ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION, 89(1), 146–149.
  
• Accuracy of intermittent fluoroscopy to detect intravascular injection during transforaminal epidural injections Smuck, M., Fuller, B. J., Chiodo, A., Benny, B., Singaracharlu, B., Tong, H., & Ho, S. (2008). Accuracy of intermittent fluoroscopy to detect intravascular injection during transforaminal epidural injections. SPINE, 33(7), E205–E210.
  
• Nociception before and after exercise in rats bred for high and low aerobic capacity Geisser, M. E., Wang, W., Smuck, M., Koch, L. G., Britton, S. L., & Lydic, R. (2008). Nociception before and after exercise in rats bred for high and low aerobic capacity. NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS, 443(1), 37–40.
  
• Intravascular Injection of Contrast During Lumbar Discography: A Previously Unreported Complication Smuck, M., Yoon, T., & Colwell, M. (2008). Intravascular Injection of Contrast During Lumbar Discography: A Previously Unreported Complication. PAIN MEDICINE, 9(8), 1030–1034.
  
• Considering Industry-Sponsored Research Segal, N. A., Smuck, M., Sowa, G., & Basford, J. (2009). Considering Industry-Sponsored Research. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION, 88(4), 342–348.
  
• Re: Manchikanti L, Singh V, Falco FJ, et al. Cervical medial branch blocks for chronic cervical facet joint pain: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial with one-year follow-up. Spine 2008;33:1813-20. Smuck, M., & Levin, J. H. (2009). Re: Manchikanti L, Singh V, Falco FJ, et al. Cervical medial branch blocks for chronic cervical facet joint pain: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial with one-year follow-up. Spine 2008;33:1813-20. SPINE, 34(10), 1116–1116.
  
• Blind Man's Bluff Smuck, M. (2009). Blind Man's Bluff. SPINE JOURNAL, 9(6), 518–519.
  
• Interpretation of contrast dispersal patterns by experienced and inexperienced interventionalists. Smuck, M., Abbott, Z., & Zemper, E. (2009). Interpretation of contrast dispersal patterns by experienced and inexperienced interventionalists. PM & R : the Journal of Injury, Function, and Rehabilitation, 1(1), 55–59.
  
• The use of epidural corticosteroids for cervical radiculopathy: an interlaminar versus transforaminal approach. Smuck, M., Rosenberg, J. M., & Akuthota, V. (2009). The use of epidural corticosteroids for cervical radiculopathy: an interlaminar versus transforaminal approach. PM & R : the Journal of Injury, Function, and Rehabilitation, 1(2), 178–184.
  
• Evidence-Based Conviction Levin, J. H., & Smuck, M. (2009). Evidence-Based Conviction. PM&R, 1(9), 891–892.
  
• Incidence of simultaneous epidural and vascular injection during cervical transforaminal epidural injections. Smuck, M., Tang, C.-T., & Fuller, B. J. (2009). Incidence of simultaneous epidural and vascular injection during cervical transforaminal epidural injections. Spine, 34(21), E751–5.
  
• Adhesive capsulitis: a new management protocol to improve passive range of motion. Mitra, R., Harris, A., Umphrey, C., Smuck, M., & Fredericson, M. (2009). Adhesive capsulitis: a new management protocol to improve passive range of motion. PM & R : the Journal of Injury, Function, and Rehabilitation, 1(12), 1064–1068.
  
• Influence of needle type on the incidence of intravascular injection during transforaminal epidural injections: a comparison of short-bevel and long-bevel needles Smuck, M., Yu, A. J., Tang, C.-T., & Zemper, E. (2010). Influence of needle type on the incidence of intravascular injection during transforaminal epidural injections: a comparison of short-bevel and long-bevel needles. SPINE JOURNAL, 10(5), 367–371.
  
• Plasma disc decompression compared with fluoroscopy-guided transforaminal epidural steroid injections for symptomatic contained lumbar disc herniation: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial Clinical article Gerszten, P. C., Smuck, M., Rathmell, J. P., Simopoulos, T. T., Bhagia, S. M., Mocek, C. K., … Bloch, D. A. (2010). Plasma disc decompression compared with fluoroscopy-guided transforaminal epidural steroid injections for symptomatic contained lumbar disc herniation: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial Clinical article. JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY-SPINE, 12(4), 357–371.
  
• Considering value Smuck, M. (2010). Considering value. SPINE JOURNAL, 10(6), 505–506.
  
• Utility of the anesthetic test dose to avoid catastrophic injury during cervical transforaminal epidural injections Smuck, M., Maxwell, M. D., Kennedy, D., Rittenberg, J. D., Lansberg, M. G., & Plastaras, C. T. (2010). Utility of the anesthetic test dose to avoid catastrophic injury during cervical transforaminal epidural injections. SPINE JOURNAL, 10(10), 857–864.
  
• Basic Appearance of Ultrasound Structures and Pitfalls McDonald, S., Fredericson, M., Roh, E. Y., & Smuck, M. (2010). Basic Appearance of Ultrasound Structures and Pitfalls. PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA, 21(3), 461-?
  
• Vascular causes of radiculopathy: a literature review Benny, B. V., Nagpal, A. S., Singh, P., & Smuck, M. (2011). Vascular causes of radiculopathy: a literature review. SPINE JOURNAL, 11(1), 73–85.
  
• Inadvertent Injection of a Cervical Radicular Artery Using an Atraumatic Pencil-Point Needle Smuck, M., & Leung, D. (2011). Inadvertent Injection of a Cervical Radicular Artery Using an Atraumatic Pencil-Point Needle. SPINE, 36(3), E220–E223.
  
• Commentary: One small step Smuck, M., & Carragee, E. J. (2011). Commentary: One small step. SPINE JOURNAL, 11(9), 824–825.
  
• Evaluation of the Athlete With Buttock Pain Vasudevan, J. M., Smuck, M., & Fredericson, M. (2012). Evaluation of the Athlete With Buttock Pain. CURRENT SPORTS MEDICINE REPORTS, 11(1), 35–42.
  
• Success of Initial and Repeated Medial Branch Neurotomy for Zygapophysial Joint Pain: A Systematic Review Smuck, M., Crisostomo, R. A., Trivedi, K., & Agrawal, D. (2012). Success of Initial and Repeated Medial Branch Neurotomy for Zygapophysial Joint Pain: A Systematic Review. PM&R, 4(9), 686–692.
  
• Functional assessment of the acute local and distal transplantation of human neural stem cells after spinal cord injury Cheng, I., Mayle, R. E., Cox, C. A., Park, D. Y., Smith, R. L., Corcoran-Schwartz, I., … Carragee, E. J. (2012). Functional assessment of the acute local and distal transplantation of human neural stem cells after spinal cord injury. SPINE JOURNAL, 12(11), 1040–1044.
  
• Commentary: More or less satisfied? Smuck, M. (2012). Commentary: More or less satisfied? SPINE JOURNAL, 12(12), 1140–1141.
  
• Correlation of Paraspinal Atrophy and Denervation in Back Pain and Spinal Stenosis Relative to Asymptomatic Controls Yarjanian, J. A., Fetzer, A., Yamakawa, K. S., Tong, H. C., Smuck, M., & Haig, A. (2013). Correlation of Paraspinal Atrophy and Denervation in Back Pain and Spinal Stenosis Relative to Asymptomatic Controls. PM&R, 5(1), 39–44.
  
• Duration of fluoroscopic-guided spine interventions and radiation exposure is increased in overweight patients. Smuck, M., Zheng, P., Chong, T., Kao, M.-C., & Geisser, M. E. (2013). Duration of fluoroscopic-guided spine interventions and radiation exposure is increased in overweight patients. PM & R : the Journal of Injury, Function, and Rehabilitation, 5(4), 291–296.
  
• Therapies for subacute back pain: A glossary approach, Section III Surgery and Injection treatments Therapies for subacute back pain: A glossary approach, Section III Surgery and Injection treatments. (2005). Back Pain: A Guide for the Primary Care Physician.
  
• Tissue injury and healing, outcomes with the sports medicine approach. Tissue injury and healing, outcomes with the sports medicine approach. (2002). Practical Guide to Musculoskeletal Disorders: Diagnosis & Rehabilitation., 1st ed.
  
• Literature Review: New From the Journals Literature Review: New From the Journals. (2008). SpineLine, 9(6).
  
• Sacroiliac joint pain in athletes: A biomechanical treatment approach Sacroiliac joint pain in athletes: A biomechanical treatment approach. (2008). SpineLine, 9(6).
  
• Sacroiliac joint pain syndrome in active patients: A look behind the pain Sacroiliac joint pain syndrome in active patients: A look behind the pain. (2002). Physician and Sportsmedicine, 30(11).
  
• Cervical Injections: Is the Risk Worth the Benefit? Cervical Injections: Is the Risk Worth the Benefit? (2009). SpineLine, 10(1).
  
• Mountain Biking Injuries Mountain Biking Injuries. (2009). Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation: A Sport-Specific Approach, 2nd ed.
  
• Tissue injury and healing Tissue injury and healing. (2009). Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation: A Sport-Specific Approach, 2nd ed.
  
• Radiculopathy from herniation of the nucleus pulposus: 2. The role of corticosteroids Radiculopathy from herniation of the nucleus pulposus: 2. The role of corticosteroids. (2007). J. Back Musculoskeletal Rehabil, 20(2,3).
  
• Radiculopathy from herniation of the nucleus pulposus: 1. Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and natural history Radiculopathy from herniation of the nucleus pulposus: 1. Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and natural history. (2007). J. Back Musculoskeletal Rehabil, 20(2,3).
  
• Diagnostic Imaging of Painful Lumbar Facet Joints Diagnostic Imaging of Painful Lumbar Facet Joints. (2011). Ispine: Evidence-Based Interventional Spine Care. Demos, 1st ed.
  
• Preseason Training for Golfers with Low Back Pain Preseason Training for Golfers with Low Back Pain. (2012). SpineLine, 13(1).
  
• Orthopaedic Knowledge Update: Spine 4 Orthopaedic Knowledge Update: Spine 4. (2012). American Academy of Orthpaedic Surgeons.
  
• Sacral Stress Fractures in Athletes Sacral Stress Fractures in Athletes. (2012). SpineLine May/June, 13(3).
  
• Cervical Foraminal Versus Interlaminar Epidurals: Risks, Benefits, and Alternatives. Smuck, M., Demirjian, R., & Kennedy, D. J. (2013). Cervical Foraminal Versus Interlaminar Epidurals: Risks, Benefits, and Alternatives. . Curr Phys Med Rehabil Rep. 2013 June;1(2), 1(2).
  
• Does physical activity influence the relationship between low back pain and obesity? Smuck, M., Kao, M.-C. J., Brar, N., Martinez-Ith, A., Choi, J., & Tomkins-Lane, C. C. (2014). Does physical activity influence the relationship between low back pain and obesity? SPINE JOURNAL, 14(2), 209–216.
  
• Vasovagal Rates in Flouroscopically Guided Interventional Procedures: A Study of Over 8,000 Injections Kennedy, D. J., Schneider, B., Casey, E., Rittenberg, J., Conrad, B., Smuck, M., & Plastaras, C. T. (2013). Vasovagal Rates in Flouroscopically Guided Interventional Procedures: A Study of Over 8,000 Injections. PAIN MEDICINE, 14(12), 1854–1859.
  
• Assessment and management of back pain. Kao, M.-C., Zheng, P., & Smuck, M. (2014). Assessment and management of back pain. JAMA Internal Medicine, 174(3), 479-?
  
• Reply to letter to the editor "Morphologic changes in the lumbar spine following lumbar medial branch radiofrequency neurotomy: a quantitative radiologic study". Smuck, M., Crisostomo, R. A., Demirjian, R., Fitch, D. S., Kennedy, D. J., & Geisser, M. E. (2014). Reply to letter to the editor "Morphologic changes in the lumbar spine following lumbar medial branch radiofrequency neurotomy: a quantitative radiologic study". Spine Journal , 14(6), 1089–1090.
  
• A Randomized Trial of Epidural Glucocorticoid Injections for Spinal Stenosis Friedly, J. L., Comstock, B. A., Turner, J. A., Heagerty, P. J., Deyo, R. A., Sullivan, S. D., … Jarvik, J. G. (2014). A Randomized Trial of Epidural Glucocorticoid Injections for Spinal Stenosis. NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, 371(1), 11–21.
  
• Trends in ambulatory physician opioid prescription in the United States, 1997-2009. Jeffrey Kao, M.-C., Minh, L. C., Huang, G. Y., Mitra, R., & Smuck, M. (2014). Trends in ambulatory physician opioid prescription in the United States, 1997-2009. PM & R : the Journal of Injury, Function, and Rehabilitation, 6(7), 575–582 e4.
  
• A Quantitative Study of Intervertebral Disc Morphologic Changes Following Plasma-Mediated Percutaneous Discectomy Smuck, M., Levin, J., Zemper, E., Ali, A., & Kennedy, D. J. (2014). A Quantitative Study of Intervertebral Disc Morphologic Changes Following Plasma-Mediated Percutaneous Discectomy. PAIN MEDICINE, 15(10), 1695–1703.
  
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• Trainee Involvement in Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injections Associated With Increased Incidence of Vasovagal Reactions Schneider, B., Kennedy, D. J., Casey, E., Smuck, M., & Conrad, B. (2014). Trainee Involvement in Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injections Associated With Increased Incidence of Vasovagal Reactions. PM&R, 6(10), 914–919.
  
• The Use of Moderate Sedation for the Secondary Prevention of Adverse Vasovagal Reactions Kennedy, D. J., Schneider, B., Smuck, M., & Plastaras, C. T. (2015). The Use of Moderate Sedation for the Secondary Prevention of Adverse Vasovagal Reactions. PAIN MEDICINE, 16(4), 673–679.
  
• Morphologic changes in the lumbar spine after lumbar medial branch radiofrequency neurotomy: a quantitative radiological study Smuck, M., Crisostomo, R. A., Demirjian, R., Fitch, D. S., Kennedy, D. J., & Geisser, M. E. (2015). Morphologic changes in the lumbar spine after lumbar medial branch radiofrequency neurotomy: a quantitative radiological study. SPINE JOURNAL, 15(6), 1415–1421.
  
• A quantitative study of intervertebral disc morphologic changes following plasma-mediated percutaneous discectomy. Smuck, M., Levin, J., Zemper, E., Ali, A., & Kennedy, D. J. (2014). A quantitative study of intervertebral disc morphologic changes following plasma-mediated percutaneous discectomy. Pain Medicine , 15(10), 1695–1703.
  
• A proposed set of metrics for standardized outcome reporting in the management of low back pain. Clement, R. C., Welander, A., Stowell, C., Cha, T. D., Chen, J. L., Davies, M., … Fritzell, P. (2015). A proposed set of metrics for standardized outcome reporting in the management of low back pain. Acta Orthopaedica, 86(5), 523–533.
  
• Differential Rates of Inadvertent Intravascular Injection during Lumbar Transforaminal Epidural Injections Using Blunt-Tip, Pencil-Point, and Catheter-Extension Needles Smuck, M., Paulus, S., Patel, A., Demirjian, R., Ith, M. A., & Kennedy, D. J. (2015). Differential Rates of Inadvertent Intravascular Injection during Lumbar Transforaminal Epidural Injections Using Blunt-Tip, Pencil-Point, and Catheter-Extension Needles. PAIN MEDICINE, 16(11), 2084–2089.
  
• [18F]FDG PET/MRI of patients with chronic pain alters management: early experience. Biswal, S., Behera, D., Yoon, D. H., Holley, D., Ith, M. A. M., Carroll, I., … Hargreaves, B. (2015). [18F]FDG PET/MRI of patients with chronic pain alters management: early experience. EJNMMI Physics, 2, A84-?
  
• The Effects of Local Anesthesia Administration on Pain Experience During Interventional Spine Procedures: A Prospective Controlled Trial Bakshi, R., Berri, H., Kalpakjian, C., & Smuck, M. (2016). The Effects of Local Anesthesia Administration on Pain Experience During Interventional Spine Procedures: A Prospective Controlled Trial. PAIN MEDICINE, 17(3), 488–493.
  
• Detection of Intravascular Injection During Lumbar Medial Branch Blocks: A Comparison of Aspiration, Live Fluoroscopy, and Digital Subtraction Technology Kennedy, D. J., Mattie, R., Hamilton, A. S., Conrad, B., & Smuck, M. (2016). Detection of Intravascular Injection During Lumbar Medial Branch Blocks: A Comparison of Aspiration, Live Fluoroscopy, and Digital Subtraction Technology. PAIN MEDICINE, 17(6), 1031–1036.
  
• Adverse Event Rates Associated with Transforaminal and Interlaminar Epidural Steroid Injections: A Multi-Institutional Study El-Yahchouchi, C. A., Plastaras, C. T., Maus, T. P., Carr, C. M., McCormick, Z. L., Geske, J. R., … Kennedy, D. J. (2016). Adverse Event Rates Associated with Transforaminal and Interlaminar Epidural Steroid Injections: A Multi-Institutional Study. PAIN MEDICINE, 17(2), 239–249.
  
• Is There a Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Fluoroscopy Time During Sacroiliac Joint Injection? A Multicenter Cohort Study. McCormick, Z. L., Cushman, D., Lee, D. T., Scholten, P., Chu, S. K., Babu, A. N., … Walega, D. R. (2016). Is There a Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Fluoroscopy Time During Sacroiliac Joint Injection? A Multicenter Cohort Study. Pain Medicine , 17(7), 1241–1248.
  
• ISSLS Prize Winner: Consensus on the Clinical Diagnosis of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: Results of an International Delphi Study. Tomkins-Lane, C., Melloh, M., Lurie, J., Smuck, M., Battié, M. C., Freeman, B., … Sandella, D. (2016). ISSLS Prize Winner: Consensus on the Clinical Diagnosis of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: Results of an International Delphi Study. Spine, 41(15), 1239–1246.
  
• Radiculopathy from herniation of the nucleus pulposus: 2. The role of corticosteroids Levin, J. H., & Smuck, M. W. (2007). Radiculopathy from herniation of the nucleus pulposus: 2. The role of corticosteroids. JOURNAL OF BACK AND MUSCULOSKELETAL REHABILITATION, 20(2-3), 103–113.
  
• Radiculopathy from herniation of the nucleus pulposus: 1. Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and natural history Levin, J. H., & Smuck, M. W. (2007). Radiculopathy from herniation of the nucleus pulposus: 1. Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and natural history. JOURNAL OF BACK AND MUSCULOSKELETAL REHABILITATION, 20(2-3), 97–101.
  
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• Objective measurement of free-living physical activity (performance) in lumbar spinal stenosis: are physical activity guidelines being met? Norden, J., Smuck, M., Sinha, A., Hu, R., & Tomkins-Lane, C. (2017). Objective measurement of free-living physical activity (performance) in lumbar spinal stenosis: are physical activity guidelines being met? The Spine Journal : Official Journal of the North American Spine Society, 17(1), 26–33.
  
• Interpretation of Contrast Dispersal Patterns by Experienced and Inexperienced Interventionalists Smuck, M., Abbott, Z., & Zemper, E. (2009). Interpretation of Contrast Dispersal Patterns by Experienced and Inexperienced Interventionalists. PM&R, 1(1), 55–59.
  
• Incidence of simultaneous epidural and vascular injection during lumbosacral transforaminal epidural injections Smuck, M., Fuller, B. J., Yoder, B., & Huerta, J. (2007). Incidence of simultaneous epidural and vascular injection during lumbosacral transforaminal epidural injections. SPINE JOURNAL, 7(1), 79–82.
  
• Physical performance analysis: A new approach to assessing free-living physical activity in musculoskeletal pain and mobility-limited populations. Smuck, M., Tomkins-Lane, C., Ith, M. A., Jarosz, R., & Kao, M.-C. J. (2017). Physical performance analysis: A new approach to assessing free-living physical activity in musculoskeletal pain and mobility-limited populations. PloS One, 12(2).
  
• Immediate Adverse Events in Interventional Pain Procedures: A Multi-Institutional Study. Carr, C. M., Plastaras, C. T., Pingree, M. J., Smuck, M., Maus, T. P., Geske, J. R., … Kennedy, D. J. (2016). Immediate Adverse Events in Interventional Pain Procedures: A Multi-Institutional Study. Pain Medicine .
  
• (466) The impact of body mass index on fluoroscopy time during lumbar epidural steroid injection: a multicenter cohort study. Choxi, S., MCCORMICK, Z., Cushman, D., WALEGA, D., Lee, D., Marcolina, A., … Smuck, M. (2016). (466) The impact of body mass index on fluoroscopy time during lumbar epidural steroid injection: a multicenter cohort study. Journal of Pain , 17(4S), S90–S91.
  
• (471) The relationship between body mass index and fluoroscopy time during intra-articular hip injections: a multicenter cohort study. Bhave, M., MCCORMICK, Z., Lee, D., Scholten, P., Chu, S., Babu, A., … WALEGA, D. (2016). (471) The relationship between body mass index and fluoroscopy time during intra-articular hip injections: a multicenter cohort study. Journal of Pain , 17(4S), S92-?
  
• Immediate Adverse Events in Interventional Pain Procedures: A Multi-Institutional Study. Carr, C. M., Plastaras, C. T., Pingree, M. J., Smuck, M., Maus, T. P., Geske, J. R., … Kennedy, D. J. (2016). Immediate Adverse Events in Interventional Pain Procedures: A Multi-Institutional Study. Pain Medicine , 17(12), 2155–2161.
  
• The Impact of Body Mass Index on Fluoroscopy Time During Lumbar Epidural Steroid Injection; A Multicenter Cohort Study. McCormick, Z. L., Choxi, S. C., Lee, D. T., Marcolina, A., Press, J., Kennedy, D. J., … Cushman, D. M. (2017). The Impact of Body Mass Index on Fluoroscopy Time During Lumbar Epidural Steroid Injection; A Multicenter Cohort Study. Pain Medicine (Malden, Mass.), 18(1), 25–35.
  
• Stagnant Physical Therapy Referral Rates Alongside Rising Opioid Prescription Rates in Patients With Low Back Pain in the United States 1997-2010 Zheng, P., Kao, M.-C., Karayannis, N. V., & Smuck, M. (2017). Stagnant Physical Therapy Referral Rates Alongside Rising Opioid Prescription Rates in Patients With Low Back Pain in the United States 1997-2010. SPINE, 42(9), 670–74.
  
• Long-Term Effects of Repeated Injections of Local Anesthetic With or Without Corticosteroid for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Randomized Trial. Friedly, J. L., Comstock, B. A., Turner, J. A., Heagerty, P. J., Deyo, R. A., Bauer, Z., … Jarvik, J. G. (2017). Long-Term Effects of Repeated Injections of Local Anesthetic With or Without Corticosteroid for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Randomized Trial. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.