Biography
Dr. Xiong’s surgical expertise spans the full spectrum of spinal disorders. This includes degenerative cervical, thoracic, and lumbar conditions, particularly spinal disc herniations, spinal stenosis, spinal cysts, spondylolisthesis, and spondylosis causing radiculopathy, myelopathy, claudication, and sciatica. She specializes in both minimally invasive and complex reconstructive and revision spinal surgery. She is particularly interested in the use of motion-preserving approaches to restore function, accelerate recovery, and decrease the need for future spinal surgery for patients. She was awarded the William H. Thomas award for excellence and collegiality in patient care. Patients choose Dr. Xiong for her thoughtful approach in diagnosis and careful use of surgery only when necessary.
Nationally, Dr. Xiong serves as the Associate Editor for leading medical journals in spine care including Spine and Spine Open. She also serves as the Chair of the Resident and Fellow Education Committee for the North American Spine Society and is a member of the Adult Spine Evaluation Committee for the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.
Dr. Xiong’s main research interests stem from her careful observations of clinical gaps facing patients with spinal issues. She has over 50 peer-reviewed medical publications. Her research focuses on improving the diagnosis and treatment of patients with chronic spinal cord injury, improving clinical outcomes in spinal surgery, and improving health access and equity to spinal care. She is a member of the AO Knowledge Forum, an international research consortium of spine surgeons aimed at improving care for patients with spinal trauma or spinal infections. She is also a member of the North American Spine Society, the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, the Cervical Spine Research Society, and is an Emerging Leader of the American Orthopaedic Association.
Professional Summary
Education & Certifications
- Fellowship: Thomas Jefferson Univ Hospital (2024) PA
- Residency: Harvard Combined Orthopaedic Residency Program (2023) MA
- Medical Education: Stanford School of Medicine (2018) CA
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- Bachelor of Arts, Harvard College (2012)
Honors & Awards
- Cervical Spine Research Society Annual Meeting Scholarship Award, Cervical Spine Research Society (2022)
- Dr. George G. Katsas Award, Massachusetts Medical Society (2017)
- Henry J. Mankin Thesis Day Clinical Research Award, Harvard Combined Orthopaedic Residency Program (2023)
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- James H. Herndon Award for Exemplary Commitment to Resident Education, Harvard Combined Orthopaedic Residency Program (2023)
- Medical Student Achievement Award, Ruth Jackson Orthopaedic Society (2016)
- Member, Gold Humanism Honor Society (GHHS) (2017)
- Outstanding Paper Award, North American Spine Society Annual Meeting (2022)
- Stanford Bio-X Travel Award, Stanford University (2017)
- William H. Thomas Award for Excellence in Orthopaedics, Harvard Combined Orthopaedic Residency Program (2023)
Publications
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Center of mass motion in swimming fish: effects of speed and locomotor mode during undulatory propulsion
Xiong, G., & Lauder, G. V. (2014). Center of mass motion in swimming fish: effects of speed and locomotor mode during undulatory propulsion. ZOOLOGY, 117(4), 269–281. -
A systematic review of metabolite profiling in gestational diabetes mellitus.
Huynh, J., Xiong, G., & Bentley-Lewis, R. (2014). A systematic review of metabolite profiling in gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia, 57(12), 2453–64. -
Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Amino Acid Responses to an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Women with Prior History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.
Bentley-Lewis, R., Xiong, G., Lee, H., Yang, A., Huynh, J., & Kim, C. (2014). Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Amino Acid Responses to an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Women with Prior History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology, 1(2), 38–43. -
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Metabolomic profiling in the prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus.
Bentley-Lewis, R., Huynh, J., Xiong, G., Lee, H., Wenger, J., Clish, C., … Gerszten, R. (2015). Metabolomic profiling in the prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia, 58(6), 1329–32. -
Providing Specialty Care for the Poor and Underserved at Student-Run Free Clinics in the San Francisco Bay Area.
Liu, M. B., Xiong, G., Boggiano, V. L., Ye, P. P., & Lin, S. (2017). Providing Specialty Care for the Poor and Underserved at Student-Run Free Clinics in the San Francisco Bay Area. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 28(4), 1276–85. -
Men and Women Differ in the Biochemical Composition of Platelet-Rich Plasma
Xiong, G., Lingampalli, N., Koltsov, J. C. B., Leung, L. L., Bhutani, N., Robinson, W. H., & Chu, C. R. (2018). Men and Women Differ in the Biochemical Composition of Platelet-Rich Plasma. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE, 46(2), 409–19. -
What Is the State of Quality Measurement in Spine Surgery?
Bennett, C., Xiong, G., Hu, S., Wood, K., & Kamal, R. N. (2018). What Is the State of Quality Measurement in Spine Surgery? CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH, 476(4), 725–31. -
Decreased estimated blood loss in lateral trans-psoas versus anterior approach to lumbar interbody fusion for degenerative spondylolisthesis.
Goodnough, L. H., Koltsov, J., Wang, T., Xiong, G., Nathan, K., & Cheng, I. (2019). Decreased estimated blood loss in lateral trans-psoas versus anterior approach to lumbar interbody fusion for degenerative spondylolisthesis. Journal of Spine Surgery (Hong Kong), 5(2), 185–93. -
What Happens to Sagittal Alignment Following Laminoplasty Versus Laminectomy and Fusion?
Lindsey, M. H., Lightsey, H. M., Xiong, G. X., Goh, B., Simpson, A. K., & Hershman, S. H. (2024). What Happens to Sagittal Alignment Following Laminoplasty Versus Laminectomy and Fusion? WORLD NEUROSURGERY, 184, E211–E218. -
Use of vancomycin and gentamicin-impregnated calcium sulfate beads for the prevention of surgical site infection in adult spinal deformity
Xiong, G. X., Hammoor, B. T., Simpson, A. K., & Hershman, S. H. (2024). Use of vancomycin and gentamicin-impregnated calcium sulfate beads for the prevention of surgical site infection in adult spinal deformity. SPINE JOURNAL, 24(2), 330–332. -
The impact of radiotherapy on survival after surgical resection of chordoma with minimum five-year follow-up
Tobert, D. G., Kelly, S. P., Xiong, G. X., Chen, Y.-L., MacDonald, S. M., Bongers, M. E., … Schwab, J. H. (2023). The impact of radiotherapy on survival after surgical resection of chordoma with minimum five-year follow-up. SPINE JOURNAL, 23(1), 34–41. -
Projected lifetime cancer risk for patients undergoing spine surgery for isthmic spondylolisthesis
Crawford, A. M., Striano, B. M., Lightsey, H. M., Zhu, J. S., Xiong, G. X., Schoenfeld, A. J., & Simpson, A. K. (2023). Projected lifetime cancer risk for patients undergoing spine surgery for isthmic spondylolisthesis. SPINE JOURNAL, 23(6), 824–831. -
Prospective comparison of one-year survival in patients treated operatively and nonoperatively for spinal metastatic disease: results of the prospective observational study of spinal metastasis treatment (POST)
Xiong, G. X., Collins, J. E., Ferrone, M. L., & Schoenfeld, A. J. (2023). Prospective comparison of one-year survival in patients treated operatively and nonoperatively for spinal metastatic disease: results of the prospective observational study of spinal metastasis treatment (POST). SPINE JOURNAL, 23(1), 14–17. -
Report of the "Women in Academic Spine" Initiative
Koshinski, J. L., Xiong, G. X., Agaronnik, N., Byrd, C., Call, C. M., Enchill, Z., … Lipa, S. A. (2023). Report of the "Women in Academic Spine" Initiative. SPINE, 48(8), 515–518. -
Insurance types are correlated with baseline patient-reported outcome measures in patients with adult spinal deformity
Amakiri, I. C., Xiong, G. X., Verhofste, B., Crawford, A. M., Schoenfeld, A. J., & Simpson, A. K. (2022). Insurance types are correlated with baseline patient-reported outcome measures in patients with adult spinal deformity. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE, 103, 180–187. -
Orthopaedic Innovation and the Balance With Conflicts of Interest
Xiong, G. X., & Kang, J. D. (2022). Orthopaedic Innovation and the Balance With Conflicts of Interest. OPERATIVE TECHNIQUES IN ORTHOPAEDICS, 32(2). -
The role of gender in academic productivity, impact, and leadership among academic spine surgeons
Agaronnik, N., Xiong, G. X., Uzosike, A., Crawford, A. M., Lightsey, H. M., Simpson, A. K., & Schoenfeld, A. J. (2022). The role of gender in academic productivity, impact, and leadership among academic spine surgeons. SPINE JOURNAL, 22(5), 716–722. -
Impact of insurance type on patient-reported outcome measures in patients with lumbar disc herniation
Xiong, G. X., Goh, B. C., Agaronnik, N., Crawford, A. M., Smith, J. T., Hershman, S. H., … Simpson, A. K. (2022). Impact of insurance type on patient-reported outcome measures in patients with lumbar disc herniation. SPINE JOURNAL, 22(8), 1309–1317. -
C-reactive Protein-to-albumin Ratio in Spinal Epidural Abscess: Association with Post-treatment Complications
Lindsey, M. H., Xiong, G. X., Lightsey, H. M., Giberson-Chen, C., Goh, B., Xu, R. F., … Schoenfeld, A. J. (2022). C-reactive Protein-to-albumin Ratio in Spinal Epidural Abscess: Association with Post-treatment Complications. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS, 30(17), 851–857. -
ALIF <i>Versus</i> TLIF for L5-S1 Isthmic Spondylolisthesis: ALIF Demonstrates Superior Segmental and Regional Radiographic Outcomes and Clinical Improvements Across More Patient-reported Outcome Measures Domains
Lightsey, H. M., Pisano, A. J., Striano, B. M., Crawford, A. M., Xiong, G. X., Hershman, S., … Simpson, A. K. (2022). ALIF Versus TLIF for L5-S1 Isthmic Spondylolisthesis: ALIF Demonstrates Superior Segmental and Regional Radiographic Outcomes and Clinical Improvements Across More Patient-reported Outcome Measures Domains. SPINE, 47(11), 808–816. -
Microendoscopic Decompression for Lumbar Disc Herniations: An Analysis of Short and Long Term Patient Reported Outcome Measures
Lightsey, H. M., Lindsey, M. H., Xiong, G. X., Crawford, A. M., Uzosike, A., Ahn, J., … Simpson, A. K. (2022). Microendoscopic Decompression for Lumbar Disc Herniations: An Analysis of Short and Long Term Patient Reported Outcome Measures. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS, 30(12), E859–E866. -
Insurance Type is Associated with Baseline Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Patients with Lumbar Stenosis
Crawford, A. M., Xiong, G. X., Lightsey, H. M., Goh, B. C., Smith, J. T., Hershman, S. H., … Simpson, A. K. (2022). Insurance Type is Associated with Baseline Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Patients with Lumbar Stenosis. SPINE, 47(10), 737–744. -
Microendoscopic decompression of conjoined lumbosacral nerve roots
Lightsey, H. M., Xiong, G. X., Schoenfeld, A. J., & Simpson, A. K. (2022). Microendoscopic decompression of conjoined lumbosacral nerve roots. BMJ CASE REPORTS, 15(3). -
A Natural History of Patients Treated Operatively and Nonoperatively for Spinal Metastases Over 2 Years Following Treatment Survival and Functional Outcomes
Xiong, G. X., Fisher, M. W. A., Schwab, J. H., Simpson, A. K., Nguyen, L., Tobert, D. G., … Schoenfeld, A. J. (2022). A Natural History of Patients Treated Operatively and Nonoperatively for Spinal Metastases Over 2 Years Following Treatment Survival and Functional Outcomes. SPINE, 47(7), 515–522. -
Vancomycin-impregnated calcium sulfate beads compared with vancomycin powder in adult spinal deformity patients undergoing thoracolumbar fusion.
Xiong, G., Fogel, H., Tobert, D., Cha, T., Schwab, J., Bono, C., & Hershman, S. (2021). Vancomycin-impregnated calcium sulfate beads compared with vancomycin powder in adult spinal deformity patients undergoing thoracolumbar fusion. North American Spine Society Journal, 5, 100048. -
Does Operative Management of Epidural Abscesses Increase Healthcare Expenditures up to 1 Year After Treatment?
Xiong, G. X., Crawford, A. M., Goh, B. C., Striano, B. M., Bensen, G. P., & Schoenfeld, A. J. (2022). Does Operative Management of Epidural Abscesses Increase Healthcare Expenditures up to 1 Year After Treatment? CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH, 480(2), 382–392. -
Spinal endoscopy: evidence, techniques, global trends, and future projections
Simpson, A. K., Lightsey, H. M., Xiong, G. X., Crawford, A. M., Minamide, A., & Schoenfeld, A. J. (2022). Spinal endoscopy: evidence, techniques, global trends, and future projections. SPINE JOURNAL, 22(1), 64–74. -
Nasal screening for methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> does not reduce surgical site infection after primary lumbar fusion
Xiong, G. X., Greene, N. E., Hershman, S. H., Schwab, J. H., Bono, C. M., & Tobert, D. G. (2022). Nasal screening for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus does not reduce surgical site infection after primary lumbar fusion. SPINE JOURNAL, 22(1), 113–125. -
The NIMS framework: an approach to the evaluation and management of epidural abscesses
Xiong, G. X., Crawford, A. M., Striano, B., Lightsey, H. M., Nelson, S. B., & Schwab, J. H. (2021). The NIMS framework: an approach to the evaluation and management of epidural abscesses. SPINE JOURNAL, 21(12), 1965–1972. -
Open epidural blood patch to augment durotomy repair in lumbar spine surgery: surgical technique and cohort study
Xiong, G. X., Tobert, D., Fogel, H., Cha, T., Schwab, J., Shin, J., … Hershman, S. (2021). Open epidural blood patch to augment durotomy repair in lumbar spine surgery: surgical technique and cohort study. SPINE JOURNAL, 21(12), 2010–2018. -
Variability and contributions to cost associated with anterior versus posterior approaches to lumbar interbody fusion
Crawford, M. A., Lightsey, M. H., Xiong, X. G., Striano, M. B., Pisano, J. A., Schoenfeld, J. A., & Simpson, K. A. (2021). Variability and contributions to cost associated with anterior versus posterior approaches to lumbar interbody fusion. CLINICAL NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSURGERY, 206, 106688. -
Comparison of Radiation Exposure Between Anterior, Lateral, and Posterior Interbody Fusion Techniques and the Influence of Patient and Procedural Factors
Striano, B. M., Xiong, G. X., Lightsey, H. M., Crawford, A. M., Pisano, A. J., Schoenfeld, A. J., & Simpson, A. K. (2021). Comparison of Radiation Exposure Between Anterior, Lateral, and Posterior Interbody Fusion Techniques and the Influence of Patient and Procedural Factors. SPINE, 46(23), 1669–1675. -
Telemedicine Use in Orthopaedic Surgery Varies by Race, Ethnicity, Primary Language, and Insurance Status
Xiong, G., Greene, N. E., Lightsey, H. M., Crawford, A. M., Striano, B. M., Simpson, A. K., & Schoenfeld, A. J. (2021). Telemedicine Use in Orthopaedic Surgery Varies by Race, Ethnicity, Primary Language, and Insurance Status. CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH, 479(7), 1417–1425. -
Interventional procedure plans generated by telemedicine visits in spine patients are rarely changed after in-person evaluation
Crawford, A. M., Lightsey, H. M., Xiong, G. X., Striano, B. M., Greene, N., Schoenfeld, A. J., & Simpson, A. K. (2021). Interventional procedure plans generated by telemedicine visits in spine patients are rarely changed after in-person evaluation. REGIONAL ANESTHESIA AND PAIN MEDICINE, 46(6), 478–481. -
Telemedicine visits generate accurate surgical plans across orthopaedic subspecialties
Crawford, A. M., Lightsey, H. M., Xiong, G. X., Striano, B. M., Schoenfeld, A. J., & Simpson, A. K. (2022). Telemedicine visits generate accurate surgical plans across orthopaedic subspecialties. ARCHIVES OF ORTHOPAEDIC AND TRAUMA SURGERY, 142(11), 3009–3016. -
Surgical plans generated from telemedicine visits are rarely changed after in-person evaluation in spine patients
Lightsey, H. M., Crawford, A. M., Xiong, G. X., Schoenfeld, A. J., & Simpson, A. K. (2021). Surgical plans generated from telemedicine visits are rarely changed after in-person evaluation in spine patients. SPINE JOURNAL, 21(3), 359–365. -
Bisphosphonates and parathyroid hormone analogs for improving bone quality in spinal fusion: State of evidence
Atesok, K., Stippler, M., Striano, B. M., Xiong, G., Lindsey, M., Cappellucci, E., … Papavassiliou, E. (2020). Bisphosphonates and parathyroid hormone analogs for improving bone quality in spinal fusion: State of evidence. ORTHOPEDIC REVIEWS, 12(2), 64–70. -
Guidelines for returning to activity after spinal deformity surgery.
Turtle, J. D., Mehta, J. S., Parent, S., Xiong, G. X., Cheung, J. P., Welborn, M. C., … Hu, S. S. (2024). Guidelines for returning to activity after spinal deformity surgery. Spine Deformity. -
Laminectomy and fusion better maintains horizontal gaze than laminoplasty in cervical spondylotic myelopathy
Hammoor, B. T., Cohen, L. L., Xiong, G. X., Lightsey, H. M., Lindsey, M., Fogel, H. A., … Hershman, S. H. (2025). Laminectomy and fusion better maintains horizontal gaze than laminoplasty in cervical spondylotic myelopathy. NORTH AMERICAN SPINE SOCIETY JOURNAL, 21, 100575. -
Statistics for Spine Care Practitioners and Clinician-Scientists: A Practical Guide to Study Design, Analysis and Interpretation.
Crawford, A. M., Striano, B. M., Xiong, G. X., Dalton, J., Oris, R. J., Schoenfeld, A. J., & Vaccaro, A. R. (2025). Statistics for Spine Care Practitioners and Clinician-Scientists: A Practical Guide to Study Design, Analysis and Interpretation. Spine. -
External performance of the Spinal Infection Treatment Evaluation (SITE) score and Spinal Instability Spondylodiscitis Score (SISS) in predicting operative intervention for de novo spinal infections.
Xiong, G. X., Huang, R., Narayanan, R., Ezeonu, T., Duscova, E., Banko, S., … Kepler, C. K. (2025). External performance of the Spinal Infection Treatment Evaluation (SITE) score and Spinal Instability Spondylodiscitis Score (SISS) in predicting operative intervention for de novo spinal infections. The Spine Journal : Official Journal of the North American Spine Society. -
Widening Gaps in Episode of Care Markers between Medicare Managed Care and Medicare Fee-for-Service in Spinal Fusion.
Pius, A. K., Wong, H., Koltsov, J. C., Hu, S. S., Schoenfeld, A. J., & Xiong, G. X. (2026). Widening Gaps in Episode of Care Markers between Medicare Managed Care and Medicare Fee-for-Service in Spinal Fusion. The Spine Journal : Official Journal of the North American Spine Society. -
Intervertebral disc degeneration.
Hammoor, B. T., Lai, C. S., Xiong, G. X., Elliott, D. M., Snyder, B., Vresilovic, E., … Freedman, B. R. (2026). Intervertebral disc degeneration. Nature Reviews. Disease Primers, 12(1), 5. -
Spilling the Tea in TEAM: Unanticipated Consequences of Medicare's Transforming Episode Accountability Model (TEAM).
Gong, J. F., & Xiong, G. X. (2026). Spilling the Tea in TEAM: Unanticipated Consequences of Medicare's Transforming Episode Accountability Model (TEAM). The Spine Journal : Official Journal of the North American Spine Society.
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Metabolomic profiling in the prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus.
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Orthopaedic Spine Center Redwood City Redwood City, CA
Redwood City, CAOrthopaedic Spine Center Redwood City
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