ALTERNATIVES TO ORAL ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT - TRANSDERMAL PATCHES, PERCUTANEOUS GELS, VAGINAL CREAMS AND RINGS, IMPLANTS, AND OTHER METHODS OF DELIVERY OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA Baker, V. L. 1994; 21 (2): 271-297

Abstract

Alternatives to oral estrogen replacement, including the transdermal patch, deliver estradiol in a constant manner, produce more physiologic estrone and estradiol levels than oral therapy, and avoid the first-pass effect on hepatic protein synthesis. Transdermal patches and estradiol implants have been demonstrated to produce favorable lipid profiles, prevent bone loss, relieve vasomotor symptoms, and improve urogenital atrophy. Vaginal estrogen is an effective treatment for vaginal atrophy. The advantages and disadvantages of each of the hormonal alternatives to oral estrogen replacement are discussed.

View details for Web of Science ID A1994NR24300005

View details for PubMedID 7936545