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Use of high concentration contrast media: principles and rationale - vascular district
Use of high concentration contrast media: principles and rationale - vascular district 3rd Bracco Symposium on MDCT Fleischmann, D. ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD. 2003: S88–S93Abstract
Optimal contrast medium delivery remains a crucial issue in CT angiography and it will become even more critical with continuously evolving, faster CT scanner technology. This review article first explains the fundamentals of arterial enhancement using mathematical models of early contrast medium dynamics. The relationship of contrast medium volume, injection flow rates and injection duration are explicitly illustrated. Next, current techniques of contrast medium application are reviewed, with particular attention to methods of accurate timing of the scanning delay (test-bolus and automated bolus triggering), tools for automated saline-flushing of the veins (double-syringe power injectors) and the use of high-concentration contrast medium. From there, rational CT angiographic injection protocols for a wide range of selectable acquisition times for 4-, 8- and 16-channel MDCT are proposed.
View details for DOI 10.1016/S0720-048X(02)00365-0
View details for Web of Science ID 000181595800015
View details for PubMedID 12598032