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Newborn Screening for Severe Combined Immunodeficiency and T-cell Lymphopenia in California, 2010-2017.
Newborn Screening for Severe Combined Immunodeficiency and T-cell Lymphopenia in California, 2010-2017. Pediatrics Amatuni, G. S., Currier, R. J., Church, J. A., Bishop, T., Grimbacher, E., Nguyen, A. A., Agarwal-Hashmi, R., Aznar, C. P., Butte, M. J., Cowan, M. J., Dorsey, M. J., Dvorak, C. C., Kapoor, N., Kohn, D. B., Markert, M. L., Moore, T. B., Naides, S. J., Sciortino, S., Feuchtbaum, L., Koupaei, R. A., Puck, J. M. 2019Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Newborn screening for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) was instituted in California in 2010. In the ensuing 6.5 years, 3252156 infants in the state had DNA from dried blood spots assayed for T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs). Abnormal TREC results were followed-up with liquid blood testing for T-cell abnormalities. We report the performance of the SCID screening program and the outcomes of infants who were identified.METHODS: Data that were reviewed and analyzed included demographics, nursery summaries, TREC and lymphocyte flow-cytometry values, and available follow-up, including clinical and genetic diagnoses, treatments, and outcomes.RESULTS: Infants with clinically significant T-cell lymphopenia (TCL) were successfully identified at a rate of 1 in 15300 births. Of these, 50 cases of SCID, or 1 in 65000 births (95% confidence interval 1 in 51000-1 in 90000) were found. Prompt treatment led to 94% survival. Infants with non-SCID TCL were also identified, diagnosed and managed, including 4 with complete DiGeorge syndrome who received thymus transplants. Although no cases of typical SCID are known to have been missed, 2 infants with delayed-onset leaky SCID had normal neonatal TREC screens but came to clinical attention at 7 and 23 months of age.CONCLUSIONS: Population-based TREC testing, although unable to detect immune defects in which T cells are present at birth, is effective for identifying SCID and clinically important TCL with high sensitivity and specificity. The experience in California supports the rapid, widespread adoption of SCID newborn screening.
View details for PubMedID 30683812