Longitudinal changes in hippocampal subfield volume associated with collegiate football. Journal of neurotrauma Parivash, S. N., Goubran, M. n., Mills, B. D., Rezaii, P. n., Thaler, C. n., Wolman, D. n., Bian, W. n., Mitchell, L. A., Boldt, B. n., Douglas, D. n., Wilson, E. n., Choi, J. n., Xie, L. n., Yushkevich, P. n., Digiacomo, P. n., Wongsripuemtet, J. n., Parekh, M. n., Fiehler, J. n., Do, H. n., Lopez, J. n., Rosenerg, J. n., Camarillo, D. B., Grant, G. n., Wintermark, M. n., Zeineh, M. n. 2019

Abstract

Collegiate football athletes are subject to repeated head impacts that may cause brain injury. The hippocampus is composed of several distinct subfields with possible differential susceptibility to injury. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there are longitudinal changes in hippocampal subfield volume in collegiate football. A prospective cohort study was conducted over a 5-year period tracking 63 football and 34 volleyball male collegiate athletes. Athletes underwent high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging, and automated segmentation provided hippocampal subfield volumes. At baseline, football athletes demonstrated a smaller subiculum volume than volleyball athletes (-67.77 mm3, P=.012). A regression analysis performed within football athletes similarly demonstrated a smaller subiculum volume among those at increased concussion risk based on athlete position (P=.001). For the longitudinal analysis, a linear mixed-effects model assessed the interaction between sport and time, revealing a significant decrease in CA1 volume in football athletes without an in-study concussion compared to volleyball athletes (volume difference per year=-35.22 mm3, P=.005). This decrease in CA1 volume over time was significant when football athletes were examined in isolation from volleyball athletes (P=.011). Thus, this prospective longitudinal study showed a decrease in CA1 volume over time in football athletes, in addition to baseline differences that were identified in the downstream subiculum. Hippocampal changes may have important implications for high-contact sports.

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