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Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES: The Covid-19 pandemic has had dramatic effects on society and people's daily habits. In this observational study we recorded objective data on sleep macro- and microarchitecture repeatedly over several nights before and during the Covid-19 government-imposed lockdown. The main objective was to evaluate changes in patterns of sleep duration and architecture during home confinement using the pre-confinement period as a control.METHODS: Participants were regular users of a sleep-monitoring headband that records, stores, and automatically analyses physiological data in real time, equivalent to polysomnography. We measured: sleep onset duration (SOD), total sleep time (TST), duration of sleep stages (N2, N3 and REM), and sleep continuity. Via the user's smartphone application participants filled-in questionnaires on how lockdown changed working hours, eating behaviour, and daily-life at home. They also filled-in the Insomnia Severity Index, reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaires allowing us to create selected sub-groups.RESULTS: The 599 participants were mainly men (71%) of median age 47 [IQR: 36;59]. Compared to before lockdown, during lockdown individuals slept more overall (mean +3·83min; SD: ±1.3), had less deep sleep (N3), more light sleep (N2) and longer REM sleep (mean +3·74min; SD: ±0.8). They exhibited less week-end specific changes, suggesting less sleep restriction during the week. Changes were most pronounced in individuals reporting eveningness preferences, suggesting relative sleep deprivation in this population and exacerbated sensitivity to societal changes.CONCLUSIONS: This unique dataset should help us understand the effects of lockdown on sleep architecture and on our health.
View details for DOI 10.1093/sleep/zsab075
View details for PubMedID 33769511