Salivary glands cancer
Cancer found in the tissues of the salivary glands.
Salt-sensitive hypertension
A predisposition to blood pressure variability based on the amount of dietary sodium intake. Many, but not all, individuals experience a significant increase in blood pressure after consuming high sodium foods.
Sarcoidosis
A disease that results from a specific type of inflammation of tissues of the body. It can appear in almost any body organ, but it starts most often in the lungs or lymph nodes.
Sarcoma
Cancerous (malignant) tumors of the connective tissues. Sarcoma is classified as bone or soft tissue sarcomas.
Sarcoma of the chest wall
A rare cancerous tumor formed on the chest wall.
Scapular dyskinesis
A condition in which the normal resting or active position of the scapula during shoulder movement is altered, often due to repetitive overhead use in sports.
Scarring alopecia
A group of rare disorders that destroy the hair follicle, replace it with scar tissue, and cause permanent hair loss.
Scars
Getting injured or having surgery can damage the skin's deepest layer, sometimes leading to scarring after the body's repairs.
Schwannomatosis, schwannomas
A genetic disorder that results in tumors, called schwannomas, on peripheral nerves throughout the body.
Sciatica
Pain that originates along the sciatic nerve, the primary nerve of the leg, and the largest nerve in the entire body.
Scleroderma
A chronic, degenerative disease that affects the joints, skin, and internal organs. Scleroderma is also associated with blood vessel abnormalities.
Scoliosis
A curvature of the spine measuring 10 degrees or greater on X-ray, can occur in any part of the spine.
Sebaceous carcinoma
A rare skin cancer, it’s aggressive and can spread, so early diagnosis and treatment is critical.
Seizures
Caused by changes in the brains electrical activity, seizures can range from violent shaking and loss of control to very mild with no symptoms.
Senile ATTR amyloidosis
Develops in old age (80 and over) and amyloid deposits accumulate slowly, most commonly affecting the heart.
Septic arthritis
An infection in the joint (synovial) fluid and joint tissues, often due to an injection, surgery, or injury.
Sequelae of pediatric hip disease
Adult hip conditions resulting from medical conditions experienced in childhood, including developmental dysplasia of the hip and traumatic injury.
Sexual dysfunction
Difficulty experienced by an individual or a couple during any stage of a normal sexual activity.
Sexually transmitted infections
Also known as STDs; infectious diseases transmitted through sexual contact.
Shift work sleep disorder
A circadian sleep disorder in which a person experiences a constant or recurrent pattern of sleep interruption due to shift work schedule, resulting in difficulties initiating and maintaining sleep and/or excessive sleepiness when awake.
Shin splints
An inflammatory condition of the front part of the tibia (the shin), usually brought on by strenuous activity such as running too much on hard surfaces.
Short bowel syndrome
A group of problems related to poor absorption of nutrients typically occurring in people who have had half or more of their small intestine removed.
Shoulder arthritis
A common joint disorder that involves inflammation of one or more joints. The most common form, osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease), is a result of trauma to the joint, infection of the joint, or age.
Shoulder dislocation
A shoulder injury in which a fall or blow causes the top of the arm bone to pop out of the shoulder socket.
Shoulder fracture
The most common shoulder break is a fractured humerus, the upper arm bone between the shoulder and elbow. It can be fractured near or at the ball of your shoulder joint.
Shoulder impingement syndrome
A common cause of shoulder pain due to impingement or pinching of tendons or bursa in the shoulder from bones of the shoulder, often caused by repeated overhead activity or joint and bone abnormalities.
Shoulder instability
Occurs when the head of the upper arm bone is forced out of the shoulder socket as a result of a sudden injury or from overuse. Once a shoulder has dislocated, it is vulnerable to repeat episodes. When the shoulder is loose and slips out of place repeatedly, it is called chronic shoulder instability.
Shoulder pain and problems
Refers to a range of conditions which can be a result of injury or disease of the shoulder joint and can affect any of the ligaments, bursae, or tendons surrounding it.
Shoulder separation
A shoulder injury one of the ligaments that connects the collarbone to shoulder blade is torn and no longer anchored, often causing the collarbone to move out of position.
Shoulder tendonitis
Inflammation of a tendon (the tough cords of tissue that connect muscles to bones) can affect any tendon, causing swelling, pain, and discomfort.
Single ventricle
A congenital heart defect that occurs due to abnormal development of the fetal heart during the first 8 weeks of pregnancy. Because of the improper development of the fetal heart, the left or right ventricle may be underdeveloped.
Sinusitis
Inflammation of the sinuses as the result of an infection from a virus, bacteria, or fungus.
Skin allergies
A skin allergy or contact dermatitis is an inflammation and rash of the skin at the area of contact with another substance. May be caused by an immune system response to certain substances, such as dyes, cosmetics, perfume, latex, medications, plants, detergent and some metals; symptoms may include redness, itching, pain, swelling and heat.
Skin cancer
Skin cancer is a type of cancer in which malignant or abnormal cells grow in the skin. It most often develops on areas of the skin exposed to the sun's rays, including the head and neck, and may involve the lymph nodes.
Skin spots
Sun exposure can cause red or brown spots like freckles, age spots and liver spots — damage our treatments can remove.
Skin texture
We can fix uneven skin texture, a condition tied to aging and marked by roughness, bumpiness, dryness and dull appearance.
Skin tone
Uneven tone may occur when your skin has spots or patches with a different color or shade.
Sleep and heart disease
Women with chronic sleep disturbance experience an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease.
Sleep apnea
Occurs when a patient stops breathing during periods of sleep; may be the result of obstruction in the airway or a central nervous system disorder.
Sleep walking/talking
Sleepwalking, also known as Somnambulism, is a condition in which a sleeping person exhibits behaviors associated with being awake, appears to be awake but is actually still sleeping. Sleep talking is when an individual vocalizes in their sleep, anything from a few words to whole conversations.
Sleep related breathing disorders
A term used to describe a variety of abnormal nocturnal breathing patterns, including snoring and sleep apnea. Interruptions in respiration can trigger a stress reaction in the body, resulting in hypertension. Blood pressure often improves with therapy to restore normal oxygen flow during sleep.
Sleep terrors
Also called "night terrors," episodes characterized by extreme terror and a temporary inability to attain full consciousness.
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)
A condition unique to older children and young adolescents, a SCFE is a fracture through the growth plate near the femoral head, causing the femoral head to slip off of the femoral neck.
Small cell lung cancer
A form of neuroendocrine cancer that often grows rapidly and quickly spreads to other organs; responds to chemotherapy and radiation more often than does non-small cell cancer.
Smell and taste disorders
Lost, reduced or distorted sense of smell and taste are the most common chemosensory disorders; can accompany or indicate the existence of other conditions.
A painful type of neuropathy that causes severe sharp or burning pain and can be difficult to detect or diagnose.
Snapping hip syndrome
A snapping sensation, clicking or clunking around the hip joint with certain motions.
Snoring
A very common condition caused by the obstruction of air into the lungs. The "extra" air gets redirected into the mouth, creating a vibration of the soft tissue of the palate.
Soft tissue sarcomas
A rare cancer in one of the soft tissues. There are many different kinds of soft tissue sarcoma. In general, soft tissue sarcomas are rare.
Spasmodic dysphonia
A voice disorder characterized by involuntary spasms or movements in the muscles of the larynx, which causes the voice to break, and have a tight, strained, or strangled sound.
Spider veins
Some blood vessels look like spider webs and are vascular lesions — conditions that include hemangiomas and port wine stains.
Spinal compression fractures
The spinal column is made up of thirty-one bones called vertebrae. When they become weakened because of bone loss with aging, disease or secondary to medications, they can break or collapse. This is called a compression fracture.
Spinal cord disease and injury
The result of a direct trauma to the nerves themselves or indirect damage to the bones and soft tissues and vessels surrounding the spinal cord, resulting in a loss of function such as mobility or feeling.
Spinal cord injury, spinal trauma
A traumatic injury that can either result in a bruise, partial tear, or a complete tear in the spinal cord, resulting in decreased mobility, sensation, and body organ function below the level of the injury.
Spinal cord injury pain
Because the spinal cord is the major bundle of nerves carrying nerve impulses to and from the brain to the rest of the body, injuries often leave patients with chronic pain.
Spinal cord tumors, spine tumors
A tumor that forms on the spinal cord or in the area around it. Even if benign, the tumor may cause pain, weakness, numbness, or tingling from pushing on the spinal cord or nerves.
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)
A genetic disease that affects the spinal cord and nerves, resulting in muscle wasting and weakness.An autosomal recessive disease, both both males and females are equally affected, and that two copies of the gene, one inherited from each parent, are necessary to have the condition.
Spinal stenosis
An abnormal narrowing of the spinal canal that may occur in any of the regions of the spine and restriction to the spinal canal, resulting in a neurological deficit.
Spine fractures
A condition in which the bones of the spinal column become broken due to injury or illness.
Spine infection
Spine infections are named based on the region of the spine they are located in. They arise from fungal organisms, bacteria or after a surgical procedure.
Spondylolysis/spondylolisthesis
Spondylolysis is a defect or fracture of part of the vertebral bones that usually occurs in the fifth lumbar vertebra and, less commonly, in the fourth lumbar vertebra. Spondylisthesis is a slippage of one vertebral body on top of another.
Sports-related injuries
Sport injuries range from the mild to severe, and can be caused by trauma, by overuse, improper equipment, and increased physical stress.
Sports and fractures
Stress fractures are common sport injuries, usually caused by overuse, such as increasing the amount or intensity of an activity too rapidly, or the result of unfamiliar surface, improper equipment, and increased physical stress.
Sports injuries around the hip
Injuries to the hip joint caused by sports activities include psoas tendinitis, snapping hip, labral tears, stress fractures, dislocations, and articular cartilage injuries.
Sprains and strains
A sprain is a stretch and/or tear of a ligament, the fibrous band of connective tissue that joins the end of one bone with another. A strain is an injury of a muscle and/or tendon.
Squamous cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common type of skin cancer due to extensive sun exposure, occurring most often in fair-skinned and elderly people.
Stiff person syndrome
A rare neurologic disorder characterized by progressive rigidity and stiffness that often results in chronic pain, impaired mobility, and excessive curving of the spine.
Stomach cancer
A type of cancer that begins in the stomach.
Stress and heart disease
Chronic stress can cause physiological changes that promote atherosclerosis, the slow buildup of plaque deposits in the heart's arteries as well as other heart problems such as myocardial ischemia.
Stress fractures
Stress fractures are common sport injuries, usually caused by overuse, such as increasing the amount or intensity of an activity too rapidly, or the result of unfamiliar surface, improper equipment, and increased physical stress.
Stress urinary incontinence
Also known as SUI, an unintentional loss of urine prompted by a physical movement or activity, such as coughing, sneezing, running or heavy lifting, which puts pressure on the bladder.
Striatonigral degeneration
A sporadic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that represents one indicator of multiple system atrophy (MSA).
Stroke, acute stroke
A condition in which the brain cells suddenly die because of a lack of oxygen. A stroke can be caused by an obstruction in the blood flow, or the rupture of an artery that feeds the brain.
Stroke-induced brain injury
A stroke occurs when blood supply to part of the brain is blocked or cut off, interrupting the flow of oxygen to the brain, causing brain cells to die off rapidly.
Sturge-Weber disease
A rare congenital neurological and skin disorder characterized by a port-wine stain located on the face, typically near or around the eye and forehead area. Individuals may also experience seizures, muscle weakness, changes in vision, and mental retardation.
Sudden cardiac death
Death resulting from an abrupt loss of heart function, most commonly occurring from a life-threatening heart rhythm problem; may occur within minutes after symptoms appear or without any warning symptoms at all.
Sunlight sensitivity
Also known as photo-sensitivity, a condition characterized by itchy red rash on skin exposed to sunlight; additional symptoms such as joint inflammation and fatigue may signal underlying medical conditions such as lupus.
Superior mesenteric artery or vein thrombosis
Blockage of a blood vessel that drains blood from the small intestine.
Supraventricular tachycardia
A rapid heart rhythm of the upper heart chambers.
Sweat disorders, such as anhidrosis and hyperhidrosis
A range of disorders characterized by excessive sweating and inflammation of sweat glands.
Syncope
Commonly known as fainting or passing out and normally related to temporary insufficient blood flow to the brain, may also suggest a serious disorder when associated with palpitations or irregularities of the heart.
Synkinesis
Facial synkinesis is the involuntary movement of facial muscles that accompanies purposeful movement of some other set of muscles. Some patients who have had Bell’s palsy or other reversible forms of facial nerve injury may go on to develop synkinesis. It is essentially a “faulty re-wiring” of the facial nerve that occurs after injury and recovery.
Syphilis
A type of STI which, if left untreated, may go on to more advanced stages, including serious involvement of the heart and central nervous system; can be treated with antibiotic therapy.
Syringomyelia
A condition where a fluid-filled cavity called a syrinx develops in the spinal cord, often as a result of pressure in the spinal canal and obstruction of the cerebrospinal fluid. The syrinx can grow and injure the spinal cord and nerves.