Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable of immunomodulation and tissue regeneration, highlighting their potential translational application for treating inflammatory bone disorders. MSC-mediated immunomodulation is regulated by proinflammatory cytokines and pathogen-associated molecular patterns such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Previous studies showed that MSCs exposed to interferon gamma (IFN-?) and the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) synergistically suppressed T-cell activation.In the current study, we developed a novel preconditioning strategy for MSCs using LPS plus TNF-a to optimize the immunomodulating ability of MSCs on macrophage polarization.Preconditioned MSCs enhanced anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage marker expression (Arginase 1 and CD206) and decreased inflammatory M1 macrophage marker (TNF-a/IL-1Ra) expression using an in-vitro coculture model. Immunomodulation of MSCs on macrophages was significantly increased compared to the combination of IFN-? plus TNF-a or single treatment controls. Increased osteogenic differentiation including alkaline phosphate activity and matrix mineralization was only observed in the LPS plus TNF-a preconditioned MSCs. Mechanistic studies showed that increased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production was associated with enhanced Arginase 1 expression. Selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition by Celecoxib decreased PGE2 production and Arginase 1 expression in cocultured macrophages.The novel preconditioned MSCs have increased immunomodulation and bone regeneration potential and could be applied to the treatment of inflammatory bone disorders including periprosthetic osteolysis, fracture healing/nonunions, and osteonecrosis.

View details for DOI 10.1186/s13287-017-0730-z

View details for PubMedID 29212557

View details for PubMedCentralID PMC5719931