Abstract

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) may improve long-term multiple myeloma (MM) control through graft vs myeloma (GVM) effect. The BMT CTN 0102 was a biological assignment trial comparing tandem autologous transplant (auto-auto) vs. autologous followed by reduced intensity allogeneic (auto-allo) transplantation in patients with newly diagnosed MM with standard (N=625) or high-risk (beta 2 microglobulin at diagnosis = 4 mg/dl or deletion of chromosome 13 by conventional karyotyping) disease (N=85). While the initial 3-year analysis showed no difference in progression-free survival (PFS) between arms in either risk group, we hypothesized that long-term follow-up may better capture the impact of GVM. Median follow-up of survivors is over 10 years. Among standard risk patients there was no difference in PFS (HR 1.11, 95% C.I. 0.93- 1.35, P=0.25) or OS (HR 1.03, 95% C.I. 0.82-1.28, P=0.82). The 6-year PFS was 25% in the auto-auto vs. 22% in auto-allo arm(P=0.32), and 6-year overall survival (OS) was 60% and 59% respectively (P=0.85). In the high-risk group, while there was no statistically significant difference in PFS (HR 0.66, 95% C.I. 0.41-1.07, P=0.07) and OS (HR 1.01, 95% C.I. 0.60-1.71, P=0.96), a reduction in 6-year risk of relapse, 77% vs. 47% (P= 0.005), was reflected in better PFS, 13% vs. 31% (P=0.05), but similar OS, 47% vs. 51% (P=0.69). Allogeneic HCT can lead to long-term disease control in patients with high risk MM and needs to be explored in the context of modern therapy.

View details for DOI 10.1016/j.bbmt.2019.11.018

View details for PubMedID 31756536