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Mechanisms of Primary and Secondary Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer.
Mechanisms of Primary and Secondary Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer. Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) Seto, T., Sam, D., Pan, M. 2019; 7 (2)Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPis) have revolutionized cancer therapy with broad activities against a wide range of malignancies. However, in many malignancies their efficacy remains limited due to the primary resistance. Furthermore, a high percentage of patients develop progression due to the secondary resistance even after obtaining a response or achieving a stable disease. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms that underlie the primary and secondary resistance to ICPis in cancer immunotherapy and provide an overview to impart a broad understanding of the critical issues that are encountered in clinical oncology practice.
View details for DOI 10.3390/medsci7020014
View details for PubMedID 30678257
View details for PubMedCentralID PMC6410194