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Effect of Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody Treatment on Early Trajectories of Virologic and Immunologic Biomarkers in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19.

Effect of Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody Treatment on Early Trajectories of Virologic and Immunologic Biomarkers in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19. The Journal of infectious diseases Jensen, T. O., Grandits, G. A., Jain, M. K., Murray, T. A., Grund, B., Shaw-Saliba, K., Matthay, M. A., Abassi, M., Ardelt, M., Baker, J. V., Chen, P., Dewar, R. L., Goodman, A. L., Hatlen, T. J., Highbarger, H. C., Holodniy, M., Lallemand, P., Laverdure, S., Leshnower, B. G., Looney, D., Moschopoulos, C. D., Mugerwa, H., Murray, D. D., Mylonakis, E., Nagy-Agren, S., Rehman, M. T., Rupert, A., Stevens, R. A., Turville, S., Weintrob, A., Wick, K., Lundgren, J., Ko, E. R. 2023

Abstract

Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (nmAbs) failed to show clear benefit for hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Dynamics of virologic and immunologic biomarkers remain poorly understood.Participants enrolled in the Therapeutics for Inpatients with COVID-19 trials were randomized to nmAb versus placebo. Longitudinal differences between treatment and placebo groups in levels of plasma nucleocapsid antigen (N-Ag), anti-nucleocapsid antibody, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and d-dimer at enrollment, day 1, 3, and 5 were estimated using linear mixed models. A 7-point pulmonary ordinal scale assessed at day 5 was compared using proportional odds models.Analysis included 2149 participants enrolled between August 2020 and September 2021. Treatment resulted in 20% lower levels of plasma N-Ag compared with placebo (95% confidence interval, 12%-27%; P < .001), and a steeper rate of decline through the first 5 days (P < .001). The treatment difference did not vary between subgroups, and no difference was observed in trajectories of other biomarkers or the day 5 pulmonary ordinal scale.Our study suggests that nmAb has an antiviral effect assessed by plasma N-Ag among hospitalized patients with COVID-19, with no blunting of the endogenous anti-nucleocapsid antibody response. No effect on systemic inflammation or day 5 clinical status was observed.NCT04501978.

View details for DOI 10.1093/infdis/jiad446

View details for PubMedID 37948759