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Vaccine Effectiveness Against Influenza A-Associated Hospitalization, Organ Failure, and Death: United States, 2022-2023. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America Lewis, N. M., Zhu, Y., Peltan, I. D., Gaglani, M., McNeal, T., Ghamande, S., Steingrub, J. S., Shapiro, N. I., Duggal, A., Bender, W. S., Taghizadeh, L., Brown, S. M., Hager, D. N., Gong, M. N., Mohamed, A., Exline, M. C., Khan, A., Wilson, J. G., Qadir, N., Chang, S. Y., Ginde, A. A., Mohr, N. M., Mallow, C., Lauring, A. S., Johnson, N. J., Gibbs, K. W., Kwon, J. H., Columbus, C., Gottlieb, R. L., Raver, C., Vaughn, I. A., Ramesh, M., Johnson, C., Lamerato, L., Safdar, B., Casey, J. D., Rice, T. W., Halasa, N., Chappell, J. D., Grijalva, C. G., Talbot, H. K., Baughman, A., Womack, K. N., Swan, S. A., Harker, E., Price, A., DeCuir, J., Surie, D., Ellington, S., Self, W. H. 2023

Abstract

Influenza circulation during the 2022-2023 season in the United States largely returned to pre-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-pandemic patterns and levels. Influenza A(H3N2) viruses were detected most frequently this season, predominately clade 3C.2a1b.2a, a close antigenic match to the vaccine strain.To understand effectiveness of the 2022-2023 influenza vaccine against influenza-associated hospitalization, organ failure, and death, a multicenter sentinel surveillance network in the United States prospectively enrolled adults hospitalized with acute respiratory illness between 1 October 2022, and 28 February 2023. Using the test-negative design, vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates against influenza-associated hospitalization, organ failures, and death were measured by comparing the odds of current-season influenza vaccination in influenza-positive case-patients and influenza-negative, SARS-CoV-2-negative control-patients.A total of 3707 patients, including 714 influenza cases (33% vaccinated) and 2993 influenza- and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-negative controls (49% vaccinated) were analyzed. VE against influenza-associated hospitalization was 37% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 27%-46%) and varied by age (18-64 years: 47% [30%-60%]; =65 years: 28% [10%-43%]), and virus (A[H3N2]: 29% [6%-46%], A[H1N1]: 47% [23%-64%]). VE against more severe influenza-associated outcomes included: 41% (29%-50%) against influenza with hypoxemia treated with supplemental oxygen; 65% (56%-72%) against influenza with respiratory, cardiovascular, or renal failure treated with organ support; and 66% (40%-81%) against influenza with respiratory failure treated with invasive mechanical ventilation.During an early 2022-2023 influenza season with a well-matched influenza vaccine, vaccination was associated with reduced risk of influenza-associated hospitalization and organ failure.

View details for DOI 10.1093/cid/ciad677

View details for PubMedID 38051664