Biography
Professional Summary
Education & Certifications
- Residency: Stanford University School of Medicine (1993) CA
- Residency: Stanford University School of Medicine (1992) CA
- Internship: Emanuel Hospital and Health Ctr (1990) OR
- Medical Education: University of Washington School of Medicine (1989) WA
- Board Certification: American Board of Anesthesiology, Anesthesia (1994)
Publications
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Lumbar epidural morphine in humans and supraspinal analgesia to experimental heat pain
Angst, M. S., Ramaswamy, B., Riley, E. T., & Stanski, D. R. (2000). Lumbar epidural morphine in humans and supraspinal analgesia to experimental heat pain. ANESTHESIOLOGY, 92(2), 312–24. -
Walking with labor epidural analgesia - The impact of bupivacaine concentration and a lidocaine-epinephrine test dose
Cohen, S. E., Yeh, J. Y., Riley, E. T., & Vogel, T. M. (2000). Walking with labor epidural analgesia - The impact of bupivacaine concentration and a lidocaine-epinephrine test dose. ANESTHESIOLOGY, 92(2), 387–92. -
Analgesia for labor pain: A cost model
Macario, A., Scibetta, W. C., Navarro, J., & Riley, E. (2000). Analgesia for labor pain: A cost model. ANESTHESIOLOGY, 92(3), 841–50. -
Cost-effectiveness of a trial of labor after previous cesarean
Chung, A., Macario, A., El-Sayed, Y. Y., Riley, E. T., Duncan, B., & Druzin, M. L. (2001). Cost-effectiveness of a trial of labor after previous cesarean. OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY, 97(6), 932–41. -
Phenylephrine added to prophylactic ephedrine infusion during spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean section
Mercier, F. J., Riley, E. T., Frederickson, W. L., Roger-Christoph, S., Benhamou, D., & Cohen, S. E. (2001). Phenylephrine added to prophylactic ephedrine infusion during spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean section. ANESTHESIOLOGY, 95(3), 668–74. -
A comparison of the 24-gauge Sprotte (R) and Gertie Marx (R) spinal needles for combined spinal-epidural analgesia during labor
Riley, E. T., Hamilton, C. L., Ratner, E. F., & Cohen, S. E. (2002). A comparison of the 24-gauge Sprotte (R) and Gertie Marx (R) spinal needles for combined spinal-epidural analgesia during labor. ANESTHESIOLOGY, 97(3), 574–77. -
The site of action of epidural fentanyl in humans: The difference between infusion and bolus administration
Ginosar, Y., Riley, E. T., & Angst, M. S. (2003). The site of action of epidural fentanyl in humans: The difference between infusion and bolus administration. ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA, 97(5), 1428–38. -
The site of action of epidural fentanyl infusions in the presence of local anesthetics: A minimum local analgesic concentration infusion study in nulliparous labor
Ginosar, Y., Columb, M. O., Cohen, S. E., Mirikatani, E., Tingle, M. S., Ratner, E. F., … Riley, E. T. (2003). The site of action of epidural fentanyl infusions in the presence of local anesthetics: A minimum local analgesic concentration infusion study in nulliparous labor. ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA. HILTON HEAD ISL,SC,SC,SC,SC,SC,SC,SC: LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. -
ED50 and ED95 of intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine coadministered with opioids for cesarean delivery
Ginosar, Y., Mirikatani, E., Drover, D. R., Cohen, S. E., & Riley, E. T. (2004). ED50 and ED95 of intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine coadministered with opioids for cesarean delivery. ANESTHESIOLOGY, 100(3), 676–82. -
Intravenous nitroglycerin: a potent uterine relaxant for emergency obstetric procedures. Review of literature and report of three cases.
Riley, E. T., Flanagan, B., Cohen, S. E., & Chitkarat, U. (1996). Intravenous nitroglycerin: a potent uterine relaxant for emergency obstetric procedures. Review of literature and report of three cases. International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia, 5(4), 264–68. -
Ketorolac and spinal morphine for postcesarean analgesia.
Cohen, S. E., Desai, J. B., Ratner, E. F., Riley, E. T., & Halpern, J. (1996). Ketorolac and spinal morphine for postcesarean analgesia. International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia, 5(1), 14–18. -
Neonatal chest wall rigidity following the use of remifentanil for cesarean delivery in a patient with autoimmune hepatitis and thrombocytopenia
Carvalho, B., Mirikitani, E. J., Lyell, D., Evans, D. A., Druzin, A., & Riley, E. T. (2004). Neonatal chest wall rigidity following the use of remifentanil for cesarean delivery in a patient with autoimmune hepatitis and thrombocytopenia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC ANESTHESIA, 13(1), 53–56. -
Epidural catheter function during labor predicts anesthetic efficacy for subsequent cesarean delivery
Riley, E. T., & Papasin, J. (2002). Epidural catheter function during labor predicts anesthetic efficacy for subsequent cesarean delivery. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC ANESTHESIA, 11(2), 81–84. -
Randomized comparison of intravenous nitroglycerin and subcutaneous terbutaline for external cephalic version under tocolysis
El-Sayed, Y. Y., Pullen, K., Riley, E. T., Lyell, D., Druzin, M. L., Cohen, S. E., & Chitkara, U. (2004). Randomized comparison of intravenous nitroglycerin and subcutaneous terbutaline for external cephalic version under tocolysis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY, 191(6), 2051–55. -
Single-dose, sustained-release epidural morphine in the management of postoperative pain after elective Cesarean delivery: Results of a multicenter randomized controlled study
Carvalho, B., Riley, E., Cohen, S. E., Gambling, D., PALMER, C., Huffnagle, H. J., … Manvelian, G. (2005). Single-dose, sustained-release epidural morphine in the management of postoperative pain after elective Cesarean delivery: Results of a multicenter randomized controlled study. ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA, 100(4), 1150–58. -
"Ultra-light" patient-controlled epidural analgesia during labor: effects of varying regimens on analgesia and physician workload
Carvalho, B., Cohen, S. E., Giarrusso, K., Durbin, M., Riley, E. T., & Lipman, S. (2005). "Ultra-light" patient-controlled epidural analgesia during labor: effects of varying regimens on analgesia and physician workload. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC ANESTHESIA, 14(3), 223–29. -
The ED50 and ED95 of intrathecal isobaric bupivacaine with opioids for cesarean delivery
Carvalho, B., Durbin, M., Drover, D. R., Cohen, S. E., Ginosar, Y., & Riley, E. T. (2005). The ED50 and ED95 of intrathecal isobaric bupivacaine with opioids for cesarean delivery. ANESTHESIOLOGY, 103(3), 606–12. -
Recombinant factor VIIa for life-threatening post-partum haemorrhage
Butwick, A. J., & Riley, E. T. (2005). Recombinant factor VIIa for life-threatening post-partum haemorrhage. BRITISH JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA, 95(4), 558–558. -
Epidural anesthesia for elective cesarean delivery with intraoperative arterial occlusion balloon catheter placement
Fuller, A. J., Carvalho, B., Brummel, C., & Riley, E. T. (2006). Epidural anesthesia for elective cesarean delivery with intraoperative arterial occlusion balloon catheter placement. ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA, 102(2), 585–87. -
Valdecoxib for postoperative pain management after cesarean delivery: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Carvalho, B., Chu, L., Fuller, A., Cohen, S. E., & Riley, E. T. (2006). Valdecoxib for postoperative pain management after cesarean delivery: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA. PALM DESERT,CA,CA,CA,CA,CA,CA,CA,CA,CA,CA,CA,CA,CA,CA,CA,CA,CA,CA,CA,CA,CA,CA,CA,CA,CA,CA,CA,CA,CA,CA,CA,CA,CA: LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. -
Experimental heat pain for detecting pregnancy-induced analgesia in humans
Carvalho, B., Angst, M. S., Fuller, A. J., Lin, E., Mathusamy, A. D., & Riley, E. T. (2006). Experimental heat pain for detecting pregnancy-induced analgesia in humans. ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA, 103(5), 1283–87. -
Obstetric anesthesia controversies: vasopressor choice for postspinal hypotension during cesarean delivery.
Macarthur, A., & Riley, E. T. (2007). Obstetric anesthesia controversies: vasopressor choice for postspinal hypotension during cesarean delivery. International Anesthesiology Clinics, 45(1), 115–132. -
Successful spinal blockade in a parturient with myotonia congenita
Butwick, A. J. (2007). Successful spinal blockade in a parturient with myotonia congenita. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC ANESTHESIA, 16(3), 292–293. -
Single-dose, extended-release epidural morphine (DepoDur (TM)) compared to conventional epidural morphine for post-cesarean pain
Carvalho, B., Roland, L. M., Chu, L. F., Campitelli, V. A., & Riley, E. T. (2007). Single-dose, extended-release epidural morphine (DepoDur (TM)) compared to conventional epidural morphine for post-cesarean pain. ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA, 105(1), 176–83. -
How we treat: management of life-threatening primary postpartum hemorrhage with a standardized massive transfusion protocol
Burtelow, M., Riley, E., Druzin, M., Fontaine, M., Viele, M., & Goodnough, L. T. (2007). How we treat: management of life-threatening primary postpartum hemorrhage with a standardized massive transfusion protocol. TRANSFUSION, 47(9), 1564–72. -
The Episure (TM) syringe: A novel loss of resistance syringe for locating the epidural space
Riley, E. T., & Carvalho, B. (2007). The Episure (TM) syringe: A novel loss of resistance syringe for locating the epidural space. ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA, 105(4), 1164–66. -
Randomized comparison of intravenous terbutaline vs nitroglycerin for acute intrapartum fetal resuscitation
Pullen, K. M., Riley, E. T., Waller, S. A., Taylor, L., Caughey, A. B., Druzin, M. L., & El-Sayed, Y. Y. (2007). Randomized comparison of intravenous terbutaline vs nitroglycerin for acute intrapartum fetal resuscitation. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY, 197(4). -
Fetal oxygen saturation after combined spinal-epidural Labor analgesia: a case series
Carvalho, B., Fuller, A. I., Brummel, C., Durbin, M., & Riley, E. T. (2007). Fetal oxygen saturation after combined spinal-epidural Labor analgesia: a case series. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ANESTHESIA, 19(6), 476–78. -
A Randomized Trial of Maximum Cephalad Sensory Blockade with Single-Shot Spinal Compared with Combined Spinal-Epidural Techniques for Cesarean Delivery
Horstman, D. J., Riley, E. T., & Carvalho, B. (2009). A Randomized Trial of Maximum Cephalad Sensory Blockade with Single-Shot Spinal Compared with Combined Spinal-Epidural Techniques for Cesarean Delivery. ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA, 108(1), 240–45. -
Accidental intrathecal sufentanil overdose during combined spinal-epidural analgesia for labor
Coleman, L., Carvalho, B., Lipman, S., Schmiesing, C., & Riley, E. (2009). Accidental intrathecal sufentanil overdose during combined spinal-epidural analgesia for labor. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC ANESTHESIA, 18(1), 78–80. -
Successful pregnancy and cesarean delivery via noninvasive ventilation in mitochondrial myopathy
Yuan, N., El-Sayed, Y. Y., Ruoss, S. J., Riley, E., Enns, G. M., & Robinson, T. E. (2009). Successful pregnancy and cesarean delivery via noninvasive ventilation in mitochondrial myopathy. JOURNAL OF PERINATOLOGY, 29(2), 166–67. -
Hetastarch co-loading is as effective as pre-loading for the prevention of hypotension following spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery
Carvalho, B., Mercier, F. J., Riley, E. T., Brummel, C., & Cohen, S. E. (2009). Hetastarch co-loading is as effective as pre-loading for the prevention of hypotension following spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC ANESTHESIA, 18(2), 150–55. -
Retrospective analysis of transfusion outcomes in pregnant patients at a tertiary obstetric center
Butwick, A. J., Aleshi, P., Fontaine, M., Riley, E. T., & GOODNOUGH, L. T. (2009). Retrospective analysis of transfusion outcomes in pregnant patients at a tertiary obstetric center. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC ANESTHESIA, 18(4), 302–8. -
Analgesic requirements and postoperative recovery after scheduled compared to unplanned cesarean delivery: a retrospective chart review
Carvalho, B., Coleman, L., Saxena, A., Fuller, A. J., & Riley, E. T. (2010). Analgesic requirements and postoperative recovery after scheduled compared to unplanned cesarean delivery: a retrospective chart review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC ANESTHESIA, 19(1), 10–15. -
Minimum effective bolus dose of oxytocin during elective Caesarean delivery
Butwick, A. J., Coleman, L., Cohen, S. E., Riley, E. T., & Carvalho, B. (2010). Minimum effective bolus dose of oxytocin during elective Caesarean delivery. BRITISH JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA, 104(3), 338–43. -
Survey of the Factors Associated with a Woman's Choice to Have an Epidural for Labor Analgesia.
Harkins, J., Carvalho, B., Evers, A., Mehta, S., & Riley, E. T. (2010). Survey of the Factors Associated with a Woman's Choice to Have an Epidural for Labor Analgesia. Anesthesiology Research and Practice, 2010. -
Retrospective analysis of anesthetic interventions for obese patients undergoing elective cesarean delivery
Butwick, A., Carvalho, B., Danial, C., & Riley, E. (2010). Retrospective analysis of anesthetic interventions for obese patients undergoing elective cesarean delivery. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ANESTHESIA, 22(7), 519–26. -
Kinked PerifixA (R) FX Springwound epidural catheters
Hilton, G., Jette, C. G., Ouyang, Y.-B., & Riley, E. T. (2011). Kinked PerifixA (R) FX Springwound epidural catheters. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIA-JOURNAL CANADIEN D ANESTHESIE, 58(4), 413–14. -
ED50 and ED95 of Intrathecal Bupivacaine in Morbidly Obese Patients Undergoing Cesarean Delivery
Carvalho, B., Collins, J., Drover, D. R., Ralls, L. A., & Riley, E. T. (2011). ED50 and ED95 of Intrathecal Bupivacaine in Morbidly Obese Patients Undergoing Cesarean Delivery. ANESTHESIOLOGY, 114(3), 529–35. -
The Association Between Thromboelastographic Parameters and Total Estimated Blood Loss in Patients Undergoing Elective Cesarean Delivery
Butwick, A., Ting, V., Ralls, L. A., Harter, S., & Riley, E. (2011). The Association Between Thromboelastographic Parameters and Total Estimated Blood Loss in Patients Undergoing Elective Cesarean Delivery. ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA, 112(5), 1041–47. -
Non-invasive measurement of hemoglobin during cesarean hysterectomy: a case series
Butwick, A. J., Hilton, G., Riley, E. T., & Carvalho, B. (2011). Non-invasive measurement of hemoglobin during cesarean hysterectomy: a case series. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC ANESTHESIA, 20(3), 240–45. -
Intrathecal fentanyl added to bupivacaine and morphine for cesarean delivery may induce a subtle acute opioid tolerance
Carvalho, B., Drover, D. R., Ginosar, Y., Cohen, S. E., & Riley, E. T. (2012). Intrathecal fentanyl added to bupivacaine and morphine for cesarean delivery may induce a subtle acute opioid tolerance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC ANESTHESIA, 21(1), 29–34. -
Spinal anaesthesia for caesarean delivery in a parturient with babesiosis and Lyme disease
Sultan, P., Green, C., Riley, E., & Carvalho, B. (2012). Spinal anaesthesia for caesarean delivery in a parturient with babesiosis and Lyme disease. ANAESTHESIA, 67(2), 180–83. -
Peripartum outcomes and anaesthetic management of parturients with moderate to complex congenital heart disease or pulmonary hypertension
Maxwell, B. G., El-Sayed, Y. Y., Riley, E. T., & Carvalho, B. (2013). Peripartum outcomes and anaesthetic management of parturients with moderate to complex congenital heart disease or pulmonary hypertension. ANAESTHESIA, 68(1), 52–59. -
Intrathecal morphine 100 and 200 mu g for post-cesarean delivery analgesia: a trade-off between analgesic efficacy and side effects
Wong, J. Y., Carvalho, B., & Riley, E. T. (2013). Intrathecal morphine 100 and 200 mu g for post-cesarean delivery analgesia: a trade-off between analgesic efficacy and side effects. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC ANESTHESIA, 22(1), 36–41. -
Analgesic and sympatholytic effects of low-dose intrathecal clonidine compared with bupivacaine: a dose-response study in female volunteers.
Ginosar, Y., Riley, E. T., & Angst, M. S. (2013). Analgesic and sympatholytic effects of low-dose intrathecal clonidine compared with bupivacaine: a dose-response study in female volunteers. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 111(2), 256–263. -
PREVENTION OF HYPOTENSION AFTER SPINAL-ANESTHESIA FOR CESAREAN-SECTION - 6 PERCENT HETASTARCH VERSUS LACTATED RINGERS SOLUTION
Riley, E. T., Cohen, S. E., Rubenstein, A. J., & Flanagan, B. (1995). PREVENTION OF HYPOTENSION AFTER SPINAL-ANESTHESIA FOR CESAREAN-SECTION - 6 PERCENT HETASTARCH VERSUS LACTATED RINGERS SOLUTION. ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA, 81(4), 838–42. -
OBSTETRIC MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH TRANSPLANTS
Riley, E. T. (1995). OBSTETRIC MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH TRANSPLANTS. INTERNATIONAL ANESTHESIOLOGY CLINICS, 33(2), 125–40. -
SPINAL VERSUS EPIDURAL-ANESTHESIA FOR CESAREAN-SECTION - A COMPARISON OF TIME EFFICIENCY, COSTS, CHARGES, AND COMPLICATIONS
Riley, E. T., Cohen, S. E., Macario, A., Desai, J. B., & Ratner, E. F. (1995). SPINAL VERSUS EPIDURAL-ANESTHESIA FOR CESAREAN-SECTION - A COMPARISON OF TIME EFFICIENCY, COSTS, CHARGES, AND COMPLICATIONS. ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA, 80(4), 709–12. -
IS NITROUS-OXIDE SAFE FOR BONE-MARROW HARVEST
Lederhaas, G., BROCKUTNE, J. G., Negrin, R. S., Riley, E., & Brodsky, J. B. (1995). IS NITROUS-OXIDE SAFE FOR BONE-MARROW HARVEST. ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA, 80(4), 770–72. -
KETOROLAC, NASAL POLYPOSIS, AND BRONCHIAL-ASTHMA - A CAUSE FOR CONCERN
Haddow, G. R., Riley, E., Isaacs, R., & MCSHARRY, R. (1993). KETOROLAC, NASAL POLYPOSIS, AND BRONCHIAL-ASTHMA - A CAUSE FOR CONCERN. ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA, 76(2), 420–22. -
The OOPS procedure (operation on placental support): In utero airway management of the fetus with prenatally diagnosed tracheal obstruction
Skarsgard, E. D., Chitkara, U., Krane, E. J., Riley, E. T., Halamek, L. P., & Dedo, H. H. (1996). The OOPS procedure (operation on placental support): In utero airway management of the fetus with prenatally diagnosed tracheal obstruction. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY, 31(6), 826–28. -
Intrathecal sufentanil for labor analgesia: Do sensory changes predict better analgesia and greater hypotension?
Riley, E. T., Ratner, E. F., & Cohen, S. E. (1997). Intrathecal sufentanil for labor analgesia: Do sensory changes predict better analgesia and greater hypotension? ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA, 84(2), 346–51. -
Changes in the position of epidural catheters associated with patient movement
Hamilton, C. L., Riley, E. T., & Cohen, S. E. (1997). Changes in the position of epidural catheters associated with patient movement. ANESTHESIOLOGY, 86(4), 778–84. -
Intrathecal sufentanil for labor analgesia does not cause a sympathectomy
Riley, E. T., Walker, D., Hamilton, C. L., & Cohen, S. E. (1997). Intrathecal sufentanil for labor analgesia does not cause a sympathectomy. ANESTHESIOLOGY, 87(4), 874–78. -
Intrathecal sufentanil produces sensory changes without hypotension in male volunteers
Riley, E. T., Hamilton, C. L., & Cohen, S. E. (1998). Intrathecal sufentanil produces sensory changes without hypotension in male volunteers. ANESTHESIOLOGY, 89(1), 73–78. -
Obstetric postanesthesia care unit stays - Reevaluation of discharge criteria after regional anesthesia
Cohen, S. E., Hamilton, C. L., Riley, E. T., Walker, D. S., Macario, A., & Halpern, J. W. (1998). Obstetric postanesthesia care unit stays - Reevaluation of discharge criteria after regional anesthesia. ANESTHESIOLOGY, 89(6), 1559–65. -
Randomized comparison of intravenous nitroglycerin and magnesium sulfate for treatment of preterm labor
El-Sayed, Y. Y., Riley, E. T., Holbrook, R. H., Cohen, S. E., Chitkara, U., & Druzin, M. L. (1999). Randomized comparison of intravenous nitroglycerin and magnesium sulfate for treatment of preterm labor. OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY, 93(1), 79–83. -
Complications of labor epidural analgesia: Do the perceptions of patients and anesthesiologists differ?
Vogel, T. M., Riley, E. T., Cohen, S. E., & Johnson, K. (1998). Complications of labor epidural analgesia: Do the perceptions of patients and anesthesiologists differ? ANESTHESIOLOGY, 89(3A), U865–U865. -
Complications of labor epidural analgesia: How much risk are patients willing to accept?
Vogel, T. M., Riley, E. T., Johnson, K., & Cohen, S. E. (1999). Complications of labor epidural analgesia: How much risk are patients willing to accept? LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. -
Complications of labor epidural analgesia: How much risk are patients willing to accept?
Vogel, T. M., Riley, E. T., Johnson, K., & Cohen, S. E. (1999). Complications of labor epidural analgesia: How much risk are patients willing to accept? ANESTHESIOLOGY, 91(3A), U437–U437. -
"Ultra-light" PCEA techniques in labor: Minimizing physician workload while optimizing outcome
Carvalho, B., Giarrusso, K., Durbin, M., Lipman, S., Rohlf, S., Riley, E. T., & Cohen, S. E. (2003). "Ultra-light" PCEA techniques in labor: Minimizing physician workload while optimizing outcome. Presented at the 35th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Obstetric-Anesthesia-and-Perinatology, PHOENIX,AZ: LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. -
Pain tolerance in pregnancy
Fuller, A. J., Lin, E., Mathusamy, A., Carvalho, B., Angst, M., Golianu, B. Y., & Riley, E. T. (2004). Pain tolerance in pregnancy. ANESTHESIOLOGY, 100(5), B9–B9. -
A survey of labor patient-controlled epidural anesthesia practice in Californian hospitals
Carvalho, B., Wang, P., Riley, E. T., & Cohen, S. E. (2005). A survey of labor patient-controlled epidural anesthesia practice in Californian hospitals. ANESTHESIOLOGY, 102(5), A29–A29. -
Preloading vs. postloading of colloid for the prevention of hypotension after spinal anesthesia for cesarean section
Brummel, C., Mercier, F., Fuller, A., Mathusamy, A., Lipman, S., Cohen, S. E., & Riley, E. T. (2004). Preloading vs. postloading of colloid for the prevention of hypotension after spinal anesthesia for cesarean section. ANESTHESIOLOGY, 100(5), B33–B33. -
"Walking epidurals": Impact of bupivacaine bolus concentration and a lidocaine-epinephrine test dose
Yeh, J. Y., Riley, E. T., Vogel, T. M., & Cohen, S. E. (1998). "Walking epidurals": Impact of bupivacaine bolus concentration and a lidocaine-epinephrine test dose. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. -
Valdecoxib for postoperative pain management after cesarean section: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled study
Fuller, A. J., Brummel, C., Saxena, A., Chu, L., Riley, E. T., Cohen, S. E., & Carvalho, B. (2005). Valdecoxib for postoperative pain management after cesarean section: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled study. ANESTHESIOLOGY, 102(5), A15–A15. -
Is a trial of labor in a patient who has had a previous cesarean delivery cost-effective?
Chung, A., Macario, A., El-Sayed, Y., Riley, E. T., Duncan, B., & Sheinberg, D. (2000). Is a trial of labor in a patient who has had a previous cesarean delivery cost-effective? LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. -
Is a trial of labor in a patient who has had a previous cesarean delivery cost-effective?
Chung, A. J., Macario, A., El-Sayed, Y. Y., Riley, E. T., & Druzin, M. L. (2000). Is a trial of labor in a patient who has had a previous cesarean delivery cost-effective? ANESTHESIOLOGY, 93(3A), U212–U212. -
Single-dose extended-release epidural morphine for pain after hip arthroplasty.
Martin, G., Hartmannsgruber, M., Riley, E., & Manvelian, G. (2006). Single-dose extended-release epidural morphine for pain after hip arthroplasty. Journal of Opioid Management, 2(4), 209–218. -
A study to assess the efficacy and safety of spinal levobupivacaine with and without fentanyl for labor analgesia
Birnbach, D. J., Riley, E. T., Cohen, S. E., Mirikitani, E., D'Angelo, R., Sharma, S. K., … Palmer, C. M. (2003). A study to assess the efficacy and safety of spinal levobupivacaine with and without fentanyl for labor analgesia. Presented at the 35th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Obstetric-Anesthesia-and-Perinatology, PHOENIX,AZ: LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. -
Subdural hematoma after an epidural blood patch
Verduzco, L. A., Atlas, S. W., & Riley, E. T. (2012). Subdural hematoma after an epidural blood patch. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC ANESTHESIA, 21(2), 189–92. -
Preferred spoken language mediates differences in neuraxial labor analgesia utilization among racial and ethnic groups.
Caballero, J. A., Butwick, A. J., Carvalho, B., & Riley, E. T. (2014). Preferred spoken language mediates differences in neuraxial labor analgesia utilization among racial and ethnic groups. International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia, 23(2), 161–67. -
On-time scheduled cesarean delivery start time process-improvement initiative.
Blumenfeld, Y. J., Riley, E., Hilton, G., Lee, H. C., El-Sayed, Y. Y., & Druzin, M. L. (2014). On-time scheduled cesarean delivery start time process-improvement initiative. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 123, 138S–9S. -
Serious complications related to obstetric anesthesia: the serious complication repository project of the society for obstetric anesthesia and perinatology.
D'Angelo, R., Smiley, R. M., Riley, E. T., & Segal, S. (2014). Serious complications related to obstetric anesthesia: the serious complication repository project of the society for obstetric anesthesia and perinatology. Anesthesiology, 120(6), 1505–12. -
Analgesic and sympatholytic effects of low-dose intrathecal clonidine compared with bupivacaine: a doseresponse study in female volunteers
Ginosar, Y., Riley, E. T., & Angst, M. S. (2013). Analgesic and sympatholytic effects of low-dose intrathecal clonidine compared with bupivacaine: a doseresponse study in female volunteers. BRITISH JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA, 111(2), 256-? -
Elective ceasarean section at 38 weeks versus 39 weeks: neonatal and maternal outcomes in a randomised controlled trial.
Cho, Y., Carvalho, B., Butwick, A., Blumenfeld, Y., & Riley, E. (2014). Elective ceasarean section at 38 weeks versus 39 weeks: neonatal and maternal outcomes in a randomised controlled trial. BJOG : an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 121(13), 1748-? -
Elective ceasarean section at 38 weeks versus 39 weeks: neonatal and maternal outcomes in a randomised controlled trial reply
Cho, Y., Carvalho, B., Butwick, A., Blumenfeld, Y., & Riley, E. (2014). Elective ceasarean section at 38 weeks versus 39 weeks: neonatal and maternal outcomes in a randomised controlled trial reply. BJOG-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY, 121(13), 1748–49. -
Scheduled acetaminophen with as-needed opioids compared to as-needed acetaminophen plus opioids for post-cesarean pain management.
Valentine, A. R., Carvalho, B., Lazo, T. A., & Riley, E. T. (2015). Scheduled acetaminophen with as-needed opioids compared to as-needed acetaminophen plus opioids for post-cesarean pain management. International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia, 24(3), 210–16. -
Programmed intermittent epidural boluses for maintenance of labor analgesia: an impact study
McKenzie, C. P., Cobb, B., Riley, E. T., & Carvalho, B. (2016). Programmed intermittent epidural boluses for maintenance of labor analgesia: an impact study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC ANESTHESIA, 26, 32–38. -
The Wiley Spinal Catheter-Over-Needle System for Continuous Spinal Anesthesia A Case Series of 5 Cesarean Deliveries Complicated by Paresthesias and Headaches
McKenzie, C. P., Carvalho, B., & Riley, E. T. (2016). The Wiley Spinal Catheter-Over-Needle System for Continuous Spinal Anesthesia A Case Series of 5 Cesarean Deliveries Complicated by Paresthesias and Headaches. REGIONAL ANESTHESIA AND PAIN MEDICINE, 41(3), 405–10. -
Reply to Dr Kumar.
McKenzie, C. P., Carvalho, B., & Riley, E. T. (2016). Reply to Dr Kumar. Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, 41(4), 547-? -
Implementation of Programmed Intermittent Epidural Bolus for the Maintenance of Labor Analgesia.
Carvalho, B., George, R. B., Cobb, B., McKenzie, C., & Riley, E. T. (2016). Implementation of Programmed Intermittent Epidural Bolus for the Maintenance of Labor Analgesia. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 123(4), 965–71. -
Risk Factors for Severe Postpartum Hemorrhage After Cesarean Delivery: Case-Control Studies.
Butwick, A. J., Ramachandran, B., Hegde, P., Riley, E. T., El-Sayed, Y. Y., & Nelson, L. M. (2017). Risk Factors for Severe Postpartum Hemorrhage After Cesarean Delivery: Case-Control Studies. Anesthesia and Analgesia. -
Effect of a High-Rate Versus a Low-Rate Oxytocin Infusion for Maintaining Uterine Contractility During Elective Cesarean Delivery: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial.
Duffield, A., McKenzie, C., Carvalho, B., Ramachandran, B., Yin, V., El-Sayed, Y. Y., … Butwick, A. J. (2017). Effect of a High-Rate Versus a Low-Rate Oxytocin Infusion for Maintaining Uterine Contractility During Elective Cesarean Delivery: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 124(3), 857–62. -
Programmed Intermittent Epidural Boluses (PIEB) for Maintenance of Labor Analgesia: An Incremental Step Before the Next Paradigm Shift?
Carvalho, B., & Riley, E. T. (2017). Programmed Intermittent Epidural Boluses (PIEB) for Maintenance of Labor Analgesia: An Incremental Step Before the Next Paradigm Shift? Turkish Journal of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, 45(2), 73–75. -
Programmed Intermittent Epidural Boluses (PIEB) for Maintenance of Labor Analgesia: A Superior Technique to Continuous Epidural Infusion?
Riley, E. T., & Carvalho, B. (2017). Programmed Intermittent Epidural Boluses (PIEB) for Maintenance of Labor Analgesia: A Superior Technique to Continuous Epidural Infusion? Turkish Journal of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, 45(2), 65–66. -
Intrathecal Migration of an Epidural Catheter While Using a Programmed Intermittent Epidural Bolus Technique for Labor Analgesia Maintenance: A Case Report.
Betti, F., Carvalho, B., & Riley, E. T. (2017). Intrathecal Migration of an Epidural Catheter While Using a Programmed Intermittent Epidural Bolus Technique for Labor Analgesia Maintenance: A Case Report. A & A Case Reports. -
Nitrous oxide for labor analgesia: Utilization and predictors of conversion to neuraxial analgesia.
Sutton, C. D., Butwick, A. J., Riley, E. T., & Carvalho, B. (2017). Nitrous oxide for labor analgesia: Utilization and predictors of conversion to neuraxial analgesia. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, 40, 40–45. -
Cost-benefit Analysis of Maintaining a Fully Stocked Malignant Hyperthermia Cart versus an Initial Dantrolene Treatment Dose for Maternity Units.
Ho, P. T., Carvalho, B., Sun, E. C., Macario, A., & Riley, E. T. (2018). Cost-benefit Analysis of Maintaining a Fully Stocked Malignant Hyperthermia Cart versus an Initial Dantrolene Treatment Dose for Maternity Units. Anesthesiology. -
Comment on Arachnoid and Dura Mater Lesions.
Riley, E. T. (2018). Comment on Arachnoid and Dura Mater Lesions. Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, 43(3), 332. -
Left Uterine Tilt for Cesarean Delivery Significantly Improves Maternal Hemodynamics and Should Not Be Considered Outdated Dogma
Riley, E. T., Dyer, R. A., & Carvalho, B. (2018). Left Uterine Tilt for Cesarean Delivery Significantly Improves Maternal Hemodynamics and Should Not Be Considered Outdated Dogma. ANESTHESIOLOGY, 128(4), 858–59. -
Transesophageal Echocardiographic Observation of Caval Thrombus Followed by Intraoperative Placement of Inferior Vena Cava Filter for Presumed Pulmonary Embolism During Cesarean Hysterectomy for Placenta Percreta: A Case Report.
Nanji, J. A., Ansari, J. R., Yurashevich, M., Ismawan, J. M., Lyell, D. J., Karam, A. K., … Riley, E. T. (2018). Transesophageal Echocardiographic Observation of Caval Thrombus Followed by Intraoperative Placement of Inferior Vena Cava Filter for Presumed Pulmonary Embolism During Cesarean Hysterectomy for Placenta Percreta: A Case Report. A&A Practice. -
Impact of a post-cesarean analgesia order-set with split doses of oral opioids
Nanji, J. A., Guo, N., Riley, E. T., & Carvalho, B. (2019). Impact of a post-cesarean analgesia order-set with split doses of oral opioids. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY, 220(1), S622–S623. -
The Crystalloid Co-Load: Clinically as Effective as Colloid Preload for Preventing Hypotension from Spinal Anaesthesia for Caesarean Delivery
Riley, E. T., Mangum, K., Carvalho, B., & Butwick, A. J. (2019). The Crystalloid Co-Load: Clinically as Effective as Colloid Preload for Preventing Hypotension from Spinal Anaesthesia for Caesarean Delivery. TURKISH JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIOLOGY AND REANIMATION, 47(1), 35–40. -
Extended release epidural morphine, far from ideal for postcesarean delivery pain control - In Response
Carvalho, B., & Riley, E. (2007). Extended release epidural morphine, far from ideal for postcesarean delivery pain control - In Response. ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA, 105(6), 1864–65. -
Terbutaline versus nitroglycerin for acute intrapartum fetal resuscitation
Pullen, K., Taylor, L., Waller, S., Langen, E., Druzin, M., Riley, E., … El-Sayed, Y. (2006). Terbutaline versus nitroglycerin for acute intrapartum fetal resuscitation. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY, 195(6), S30. -
Comment on Montenigro et al., "Cumulative Head Impact Exposure Predicts Later-Life Depression, Apathy, Executive Dysfunction, and Cognitive Impairment in Former High School and College Football Players''
Riley, E. T. (2017). Comment on Montenigro et al., "Cumulative Head Impact Exposure Predicts Later-Life Depression, Apathy, Executive Dysfunction, and Cognitive Impairment in Former High School and College Football Players''. JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA, 34(7), 1490. -
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy and Professional Athletes: Suicides are Contagious
Riley, E. T. (2016). Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy and Professional Athletes: Suicides are Contagious. WORLD NEUROSURGERY, 94, 576–77. -
Evaluation of Opioid Use With Split Doses of Oral Opioids in a Postcesarean Delivery Analgesia Order Set.
Nanji, J. A., Guo, N., Riley, E. T., Faulkner, B., Do, C., & Carvalho, B. (2019). Evaluation of Opioid Use With Split Doses of Oral Opioids in a Postcesarean Delivery Analgesia Order Set. Obstetrics and Gynecology. -
The Crystalloid Co-Load: Clinically as Effective as Colloid Preload for Preventing Hypotension from Spinal Anaesthesia for Caesarean Delivery.
Riley, E. T., Mangum, K., Carvalho, B., & Butwick, A. J. (2019). The Crystalloid Co-Load: Clinically as Effective as Colloid Preload for Preventing Hypotension from Spinal Anaesthesia for Caesarean Delivery. Turkish Journal of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, 47(1), 35–40. -
Intra-aortic Balloon Pump for Cesarean Hysterectomy and Massive Hemorrhage in a Parturient with Placenta Accreta and Pulmonary Embolus
Riley, E. T., Akbar, K., & Carvalho, B. (2019). Intra-aortic Balloon Pump for Cesarean Hysterectomy and Massive Hemorrhage in a Parturient with Placenta Accreta and Pulmonary Embolus. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ULTRASOUND, 27(2), 104–6. -
Intra-aortic Balloon Pump for Cesarean Hysterectomy and Massive Hemorrhage in a Parturient with Placenta Accreta and Pulmonary Embolus.
Riley, E. T., Akbar, K., & Carvalho, B. (2019). Intra-aortic Balloon Pump for Cesarean Hysterectomy and Massive Hemorrhage in a Parturient with Placenta Accreta and Pulmonary Embolus. Journal of Medical Ultrasound, 27(2), 104–106. -
Confounders Not General Anesthesia Likely Explain Greater Postpartum Depression.
Ansari, J., Carvalho, B., Weiniger, C. F., & Riley, E. T. (2020). Confounders Not General Anesthesia Likely Explain Greater Postpartum Depression. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 131(6), e248–e250. -
Lidocaine Is Noninferior to Chloroprocaine, but an Observational Study Would Have Been Superior.
Riley, E. T. (2021). Lidocaine Is Noninferior to Chloroprocaine, but an Observational Study Would Have Been Superior. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 133(5), e56–e57. -
Calcium chloride for the prevention of uterine atony during cesarean delivery: A pilot randomized controlled trial and pharmacokinetic study.
Ansari, J. R., Kalariya, N., Carvalho, B., Flood, P., Guo, N., & Riley, E. (2022). Calcium chloride for the prevention of uterine atony during cesarean delivery: A pilot randomized controlled trial and pharmacokinetic study. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, 80, 110796.
Practice Locations
LPCH- Anesthesia (Palo Alto) Palo Alto, CA
Palo Alto, CAImportant Information about Our Organizations and Physician Affiliation
Stanford Health Care, Stanford Health Care Tri-Valley, and Stanford Medicine Partners are each independent nonprofit organizations that are affiliated with but separate from each other and from Stanford University. The physicians who provide care at facilities operated by Stanford Health Care, Stanford Health Care Tri-Valley, and Stanford Medicine Partners are faculty, foundation, or community physicians who are not employees, representatives, or agents of Stanford Health Care, Stanford Health Care Tri- Valley, or Stanford Medicine Partners. Stanford Health Care, Stanford Health Care Tri-Valley, and Stanford Medicine Partners do not exercise control over the care provided by such faculty, foundation, and community physicians and are not responsible for their actions.