Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy and Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy Diagnosis

Our skilled team diagnoses ACM and ARVC with comprehensive evaluations, which include heart evaluations and a genetics assessment. Typically, this process includes a physical exam, discussion of your personal and family medical histories, and heart imaging and other tests. Our specialists provide expert interpretation using the latest technologies, many of which Stanford developed or helped refine.

If a genetic cause is suspected, we offer a comprehensive genetic evaluation, which includes a family history risk assessment by a genetic counselor and genetic testing. Learn more about genetic testing, counseling, and evaluation for heart disease.

The process of diagnosing a cardiomyopathy usually involves blood tests, rhythm monitoring assessment, and various types of imaging to accurately assess your heart’s size and function.  Our specialists use the latest technologies and provide expert interpretation of the results:

• Cardiac catheterization: After placing a needle in a wrist, neck, or groin, specialists thread a narrow tube called a catheter through vessels toward your heart. During cardiac catheterization, we may take X-rays after injecting contrast dye, a test called a coronary angiogram. During this test, we can also more precisely measure the pressure in different parts of your heart and lungs to develop a more individualized plan. We may also take a small sample of heart muscle, called a biopsy, for more testing.
• Computed tomography (CT) coronary angiogram: This innovative test provides another option for examining coronary arteries. Instead of immediately performing a conventional angiogram to look for blockages or narrowing, we create a 3-D image of your arteries. If the arteries are clear, you may not need a cardiac catheterization. We use the latest scanners for CT coronary angiograms, with accurate results and low radiation exposure.
• Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Magnets, radio waves, and a computer produce high-resolution still and moving images of the heart and its blood vessels. We can see heart valve abnormalities and heart muscle damage with cardiac MRI.
• Echocardiogram (echo): Ultrasound (sound waves) creates a moving picture of your heart. We use echocardiograms to gauge the size, shape, and function of your heart. We can assess how blood moves through the chambers and valves of your heart. An echo is usually performed by gliding the ultrasound probe over your chest. This type of echo is called a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE).
• Electrocardiogram (ECG): We use electrocardiograms to record the heart’s electrical impulses, to look for irregular heart rhythms or subtle changes to the electrical conduction.
• Rhythm monitors: Wearable devices sometimes known as Holter monitors record the electrical signals of your heart for a set period of time (usually for 14 to 30 days). Event monitors allow you to trigger recording when you experience an abnormal heart sensation but also monitor your heart rhythm for abnormalities that you may not feel.
• Stress electrocardiogram (ECG) test: A stress ECG test checks your heart rhythm with an electrocardiogram while you exercise on a treadmill or stationary bicycle. It can assess for coronary artery disease or abnormal rhythms of the heart.
• Stress echocardiogram (echo) test: A stress echo is similar to a stress ECG test but also includes a heart ultrasound to take images of your heart before and after you exercise on the treadmill or stationary bicycle.
• Cardiopulmonary stress test (CPX): This highly specialized stress test uses a breathing mask to measure the oxygen and carbon dioxide levels of the air you exhale. You will also likely have an ECG during the test and, often, an echocardiogram before and after. This breathing mask gives us a very accurate assessment of your heart capacity and fitness. We use this information to tailor your medical recommendations and create a personalized exercise program for you. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing is a specialized test that is available only at certain centers.