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Specializing In
- Kidney Stones
- Renal Hypertension
Professional Summary
Professional Education
- Board Certification: American Board of Internal Medicine, Nephrology (2016)
- Fellowship: UCSF Dept of Nephrology (2006) CA
- Residency: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (2001) TX
- M.D., Washington University, Medicine (1998)
- B.S., Stanford University, Biological Sciences (1994)
Honors & Awards
- John S. Miller Award, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (2001)
- Phi Beta Kappa, Stanford University (1994)
- SPARK Scholar, Stanford University (2010)
Publications
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SGK1: A rapid aldosterone-induced regulator of renal sodium reabsorption
McCormick, J. A., Bhalla, V., Pao, A. C., & Pearce, D. (2005). SGK1: A rapid aldosterone-induced regulator of renal sodium reabsorption. PHYSIOLOGY, 20, 134–139. -
Serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 regulates ubiquitin ligase neural precursor cell-expressed, developmentally down-regulated protein 4-2 by inducing interaction with 14-3-3
Bhalla, V., Daidie, D., Li, H. Y., Pao, A. C., LaGrange, L. P., Wang, J., … Pearce, D. (2005). Serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 regulates ubiquitin ligase neural precursor cell-expressed, developmentally down-regulated protein 4-2 by inducing interaction with 14-3-3. MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY, 19(12), 3073–3084. -
Disinhibitory pathways for control of sodium transport: regulation of ENaC by SGK1 and GILZ
Bhalla, V., Soundararajan, R., Pao, A. C., Li, H., & Pearce, D. (2006). Disinhibitory pathways for control of sodium transport: regulation of ENaC by SGK1 and GILZ. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-RENAL PHYSIOLOGY, 291(4), F714–F721. -
NH2 terminus of serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 binds to phosphoinositides and is essential for isoform-specific physiological functions
Pao, A. C., McCormick, J. A., Li, H., Siu, J., Govaerts, C., Bhalla, V., … Pearce, D. (2007). NH2 terminus of serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 binds to phosphoinositides and is essential for isoform-specific physiological functions. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-RENAL PHYSIOLOGY, 292(6), F1741–F1750. -
Melamine nephrotoxicity: an emerging epidemic in an era of globalization
Bhalla, V., Grimm, P. C., Chertow, G. M., & Pao, A. C. (2009). Melamine nephrotoxicity: an emerging epidemic in an era of globalization. KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL, 75(8), 774–79. -
Adenosine Activates A2b Receptors and Enhances Chloride Secretion in Kidney Inner Medullary Collecting Duct Cells
Rajagopal, M., & Pao, A. C. (2010). Adenosine Activates A2b Receptors and Enhances Chloride Secretion in Kidney Inner Medullary Collecting Duct Cells. HYPERTENSION, 55(5), 1123–U89. -
Expression and role of serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 2 in the regulation of Na+/H+ exchanger 3 in the mammalian kidney
Pao, A. C., Bhargava, A., Di Sole, F., Quigley, R., Shao, X., Wang, J., … Pearce, D. (2010). Expression and role of serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 2 in the regulation of Na+/H+ exchanger 3 in the mammalian kidney. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-RENAL PHYSIOLOGY, 299(6), F1496–F1506. -
The natriuretic mechanism of Gamma-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone
Kathpalia, P. P., Charlton, C., Rajagopal, M., & Pao, A. C. (2011). The natriuretic mechanism of Gamma-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone. PEPTIDES, 32(5), 1068–72. -
Activation of P2Y(1) and P2Y(2) receptors induces chloride secretion via calcium-activated chloride channels in kidney inner medullary collecting duct cells
Rajagopal, M., Kathpalia, P. P., Thomas, S. V., & Pao, A. C. (2011). Activation of P2Y(1) and P2Y(2) receptors induces chloride secretion via calcium-activated chloride channels in kidney inner medullary collecting duct cells. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-RENAL PHYSIOLOGY, 301(3), F544–F553. -
Epithelial Sodium Channel Regulation by Cell Surface-associated Serum- and Glucocorticoid-regulated Kinase 1
Thomas, S. V., Kathpalia, P. P., Rajagopal, M., Charlton, C., Zhang, J., Eaton, D. C., … Pao, A. C. (2011). Epithelial Sodium Channel Regulation by Cell Surface-associated Serum- and Glucocorticoid-regulated Kinase 1. JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY, 286(37), 32074–85. -
Metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and kidney function in non-diabetic individuals
Johns, B. R., Pao, A. C., & Kim, S. H. (2012). Metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and kidney function in non-diabetic individuals. NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION, 27(4), 1410–15. -
Differential effects of extracellular ATP on chloride transport in cortical collecting duct cells
Rajagopal, M., Kathpalia, P. P., Widdicombe, J. H., & Pao, A. C. (2012). Differential effects of extracellular ATP on chloride transport in cortical collecting duct cells. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-RENAL PHYSIOLOGY, 303(4), F483–F491. -
SGK regulation of renal sodium transport
Pao, A. C. (2012). SGK regulation of renal sodium transport. CURRENT OPINION IN NEPHROLOGY AND HYPERTENSION, 21(5), 534–40. -
Prostaglandin E-2 mediates proliferation and chloride secretion in ADPKD cystic renal epithelia
Liu, Y., Rajagopal, M., Lee, K., Battini, L., Flores, D., Gusella, G. L., … Rohatgi, R. (2012). Prostaglandin E-2 mediates proliferation and chloride secretion in ADPKD cystic renal epithelia. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-RENAL PHYSIOLOGY, 303(10), F1425–F1434. -
Landscape of ENaC regulation in the kidney
Pao, A. C. (2012). Landscape of ENaC regulation in the kidney. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-RENAL PHYSIOLOGY, 303(9), F1287–F1288. -
Fulvene-5 inhibition of Nadph oxidases attenuates activation of epithelial sodium channels in A6 distal nephron cells
Trac, D., Liu, B., Pao, A. C., Thomas, S. V., Park, M., Downs, C. A., … Helms, M. N. (2013). Fulvene-5 inhibition of Nadph oxidases attenuates activation of epithelial sodium channels in A6 distal nephron cells. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-RENAL PHYSIOLOGY, 305(7), F995–F1005. -
Novel diuretic targets
Denton, J. S., Pao, A. C., & Maduke, M. (2013). Novel diuretic targets. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-RENAL PHYSIOLOGY, 305(7), F931–F942. -
Prostaglandin E2 induces chloride secretion through crosstalk between cAMP and calcium signaling in mouse inner medullary collecting duct cells.
Rajagopal, M., Thomas, S. V., Kathpalia, P. P., Chen, Y., & Pao, A. C. (2014). Prostaglandin E2 induces chloride secretion through crosstalk between cAMP and calcium signaling in mouse inner medullary collecting duct cells. American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology, 306(3), C263–78. -
Update on the Guytonian view of hypertension.
Pao, A. C. (2014). Update on the Guytonian view of hypertension. Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension, 23(4), 391–98. -
ßPix is a New Player in Renal Physiology.
Hamilton, K. L., & Pao, A. C. (2012). ßPix is a New Player in Renal Physiology. Frontiers in Physiology, 3, 268-? -
Activation of ENaC by AVP contributes to the urinary concentrating mechanism and dilution of plasma.
Mironova, E., Chen, Y., Pao, A. C., Roos, K. P., Kohan, D. E., Bugaj, V., & Stockand, J. D. (2015). Activation of ENaC by AVP contributes to the urinary concentrating mechanism and dilution of plasma. American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology, 308(3), F237–43. -
Harvest and primary culture of the murine aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron.
Labarca, M., Nizar, J. M., Walczak, E. M., Dong, W., Pao, A. C., & Bhalla, V. (2015). Harvest and primary culture of the murine aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron. American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology, 308(11), F1306–15. -
Urine electrolyte composition and diuretic therapy in heart failure: back to the future?
Pao, A. C., & Chertow, G. M. (2014). Urine electrolyte composition and diuretic therapy in heart failure: back to the future? Circulation. Heart Failure, 7(5), 697–98. -
Serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase SGK2 regulates human organic anion transporters 4 via ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2.
Wang, H., Xu, D., Toh, M. F., Pao, A. C., & You, G. (2016). Serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase SGK2 regulates human organic anion transporters 4 via ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2. Biochemical Pharmacology, 102, 120–29. -
SGK1 regulation by miR-466g in cortical collecting duct cells
Jacobs, M. E., Kathpalia, P. P., Chen, Y., Thomas, S. V., Noonan, E. J., & Pao, A. C. (2016). SGK1 regulation by miR-466g in cortical collecting duct cells. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-RENAL PHYSIOLOGY, 310(11), F1251–F1257. -
Redefining the Stone Belt: Precipitation is Associated with Increased Risk of Urinary Stone Disease.
Dallas, K. B., Conti, S. L., Liao, J. C., Sofer, M., Pao, A. C., Leppert, J. T., & Elliott, C. S. (2017). Redefining the Stone Belt: Precipitation is Associated with Increased Risk of Urinary Stone Disease. Journal of Endourology. -
Crescentic Glomerulonephritis With Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease.
Raber, I., Ediriwickrema, A., Higgins, J., Kambham, N., & Pao, A. C. (2017). Crescentic Glomerulonephritis With Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 354(3), 236–39. -
Unplanned Emergency Department Visits and Hospital Admissions Following Ureteroscopy: Do Ureteral Stents Make a Difference?
Mittakanti, H. R., Conti, S. L., Pao, A. C., Chertow, G. M., Liao, J. C., Leppert, J. T., & Elliott, C. S. (2018). Unplanned Emergency Department Visits and Hospital Admissions Following Ureteroscopy: Do Ureteral Stents Make a Difference? Urology. -
PREOPERATIVE KIDNEY FUNCTION TRENDS: IMPROVING ESTIMATES OF BASELINE KIDNEY FUNCTION PRIOR TO KIDNEY CANCER SURGERY
Sun, A., Thomas, C., Ganesan, C., Sylman, J., Pao, A., Wagner, T., … Leppert, J. (2018). PREOPERATIVE KIDNEY FUNCTION TRENDS: IMPROVING ESTIMATES OF BASELINE KIDNEY FUNCTION PRIOR TO KIDNEY CANCER SURGERY. JOURNAL OF UROLOGY, 199(4), E362. -
An experimentum crucis in salt sensitivity.
Pao, A. C., & Chang, T. I. (2017). An experimentum crucis in salt sensitivity. American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology, 312(1), F190–F191. -
There and back again: insulin, ENaC, and the cortical collecting duct.
Pao, A. C. (2016). There and back again: insulin, ENaC, and the cortical collecting duct. Physiological Reports, 4(10). -
Payer Type, Race/Ethnicity, and the Timing of Surgical Management of Urinary Stone Disease
Brubaker, W. D., Dallas, K. B., Elliott, C. S., Pao, A. C., Chertow, G. M., Leppert, J. T., & Conti, S. L. (2019). Payer Type, Race/Ethnicity, and the Timing of Surgical Management of Urinary Stone Disease. JOURNAL OF ENDOUROLOGY, 33(2), 152–58. -
Prevalence of twenty-four hour urine testing in Veterans with urinary stone disease.
Ganesan, C., Thomas, I.-C. C., Song, S., Sun, A. J., Sohlberg, E. M., Kurella Tamura, M., … Pao, A. C. (2019). Prevalence of twenty-four hour urine testing in Veterans with urinary stone disease. PloS One, 14(8), e0220768. -
Spironolactone plus patiromer: proceed with caution.
Ganesan, C., & Pao, A. C. (2019). Spironolactone plus patiromer: proceed with caution. Lancet (London, England), 394(10208), 1486–88. -
Ultra-low-dose CT: An Effective Follow-up Imaging Modality for Ureterolithiasis.
Cheng, R. Z., Shkolyar, E., Chang, T. C., Spradling, K., Ganesan, C., Song, S., … Conti, S. L. (2019). Ultra-low-dose CT: An Effective Follow-up Imaging Modality for Ureterolithiasis. Journal of Endourology. -
Twenty-Four Hour Urine Testing and Prescriptions for Urinary Stone Disease-Related Medications in Veterans.
Song, S., Thomas, I.-C. C., Ganesan, C., Sohlberg, E. M., Chertow, G. M., Liao, J. C., … Leppert, J. T. (2019). Twenty-Four Hour Urine Testing and Prescriptions for Urinary Stone Disease-Related Medications in Veterans. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN. -
Urinary Stone Disease in Pregnancy: A Claims-Based Analysis of 1.4 Million Patients.
Sohlberg, E. M., Brubaker, W. D., Zhang, C. A., Anderegg, L. D., Dallas, K., Song, S., … Conti, S. L. (2019). Urinary Stone Disease in Pregnancy: A Claims-Based Analysis of 1.4 Million Patients. The Journal of Urology, 101097JU0000000000000657. -
The Urine Albumin-Creatinine Ratio and Kidney Function after Nephrectomy.
Sun, A. J., Thomas, I.-C., Velaer, K. N., Ganesan, C., Song, S., Pao, A. C., … Leppert, J. T. (2020). The Urine Albumin-Creatinine Ratio and Kidney Function after Nephrectomy. The Journal of Urology, 101097JU0000000000001005. -
Urinary Stone Disease in Pregnancy: Current Management Practices in a Large National Cohort.
Spradling, K., Sohlberg, E. M., Li, S., Zhang, C. A., Brubaker, W. D., Dallas, K., … Conti, S. L. (2020). Urinary Stone Disease in Pregnancy: Current Management Practices in a Large National Cohort. Urology. -
Analysis of Primary Hyperparathyroidism Screening Among US Veterans With Kidney Stones.
Ganesan, C., Weia, B., Thomas, I.-C., Song, S., Velaer, K., Seib, C. D., … Pao, A. C. (2020). Analysis of Primary Hyperparathyroidism Screening Among US Veterans With Kidney Stones. JAMA Surgery. -
Evaluation of Patient Treatment Preferences for 15-20mm Kidney Stones: A Conjoint Analysis.
Spradling, K., Bhambhvani, H. P., Chang, T. C., Pao, A. C., Liao, J. C., Leppert, J. T., … Elliott, C. S. (2020). Evaluation of Patient Treatment Preferences for 15-20mm Kidney Stones: A Conjoint Analysis. Journal of Endourology. -
SLIPS-LAB-A bioinspired bioanalysis system for metabolic evaluation of urinary stone disease.
Li, H., Shkolyar, E., Wang, J., Conti, S., Pao, A. C., Liao, J. C., … Wong, P. K. (2020). SLIPS-LAB-A bioinspired bioanalysis system for metabolic evaluation of urinary stone disease. Science Advances, 6(21). -
Role of AVP in the Pathology of Liddle's Syndrome
Mironova, E., Soares, A., Xiang, H., Gurley, S., Beermann, E., Stockand, J., & Pao, A. (2020). Role of AVP in the Pathology of Liddle's Syndrome. FASEB JOURNAL, 34. -
Osteoporosis, Fractures, and Bone Mineral Density Screening in Veterans With Kidney Stone Disease.
Ganesan, C., Thomas, I.-C., Romero, R., Song, S., Conti, S., Elliott, C., … Pao, A. C. (2021). Osteoporosis, Fractures, and Bone Mineral Density Screening in Veterans With Kidney Stone Disease. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : the Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. -
Removing Race from eGFR calculations: Implications for Urologic Care.
Vilson, F. L., Schmidt, B., White, L., Soerensen, S. J., Ganesan, C., Pao, A. C., … Leppert, J. T. (2021). Removing Race from eGFR calculations: Implications for Urologic Care. Urology. -
Association of parathyroidectomy with 5-year clinically significant kidney stone events in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.
Seib, C. D., Ganesan, C., Arnow, K. D., Suh, I., Pao, A. C., Leppert, J. T., … Kebebew, E. (2021). Association of parathyroidectomy with 5-year clinically significant kidney stone events in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Endocrine Practice : Official Journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. -
Risk of Postpartum Urinary Stone Disease in Women with History of Urinary Stone Disease During Pregnancy.
Spradling, K., Zhang, C. A., Pao, A. C., Liao, J. C., Leppert, J. T., Elliott, C. S., & Conti, S. L. (2021). Risk of Postpartum Urinary Stone Disease in Women with History of Urinary Stone Disease During Pregnancy. Journal of Endourology. -
Urine oxalate and citrate excretion in patients with kidney stone disease: An ab initio clinical prediction.
Ganesan, C., & Pao, A. C. (2021). Urine oxalate and citrate excretion in patients with kidney stone disease: An ab initio clinical prediction. Physiological Reports, 9(15), e14966. -
TWENTY-FOUR HOUR URINE TESTING AND URINARY STONE DISEASE RECURRENCE IN VETERANS
Song, S., Thomas, I.-C., Ganesan, C., Velaer, K., Chertow, G., Pao, A., & Leppert, J. (2021). TWENTY-FOUR HOUR URINE TESTING AND URINARY STONE DISEASE RECURRENCE IN VETERANS. JOURNAL OF UROLOGY. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS.
Practice Locations
Kidney Clinic (Nephrology) at Boswell Building Stanford, CA
Stanford, CA
Kidney Clinic (Nephrology) at Boswell Building
300 Pasteur Drive, 1st Floor, Suite A175
Stanford , CA 94305
Make An Appointment More Clinic Information » Getting Here »Patient Reviews
(25 reviews)
Very patient and knowledgeable
He is an excellent doctor,
Ive never talked to him yet when he hasn't been upbeat and positive. We go over any testing, we talk about any changes that are needed and agree on a plan. On my end Im taking notes of same. Our video visits are productive and seem to be the perfect platform to use if I don't have to have further testing. We decide on the next visit and after our video meeting ends, his nurse never fails to call with to set up the next appointment.
I love the efficiency of Dr. Pai and his staff. They have a very good routine.
Thank you for meeting with me and I look forward to the future meetings to get these kidney stones under control.
He is very thoughtful and friendly. Feel very comfortable sharing health info with him. He is a very good communicator as well.
I appreciate his excellent care!
Dr. Pao is tremendous! I love having him as my doctor.
Dr Pao is very helpful and easy to talk to. Great doctor
Excellent Dr. He answers my questions very thorough and he is very friendly and re-assuring. He explains everything very well at the beginning middle and end of the visit.
Dr. Pao is an excellent doctor, with a vibrant and caring personality. he listens to what I say and takes my concerns into consideration and adjusts treatment if necessary.
Dr. Pao had read my chart (including what my urologist had faxed him) & reviewed my urine collection data prior to my entering his office, so he had only to explain the results to me, then tell me his recommended trmt. plan & why.
Very kind; very sharp, listened to me and explained fully to me. I liked him very much!
Dr. Pao was excellent and made me feel that he was taking the necessary time to diagnose/suggest treatment.
Dr. Pao saw my leg swelling problem, put me on a diuretic and referred me to a cardiologist.. leg swelling & pain gone in 2 days. He is fabulous and a v. caring physician. VERY.
Dr. Pao explained his opinion and treatment options well. He is friendly and answered my questions. Dr. Pao answered my follow up questions via email in a timely manner.
Dr. Pao was extremely attentive, knowledgeable & kind.
If there were a 6 or above, I would mark it, we love Dr. Pao. He's tremendous in all regards.
I am a physician at Stanford Children's Health Dr. Pao was outstanding!
Dr. Pao is engaging, caring, concerned, professional, highly regarded & an excellent diagnostician. He made me feel like I was important & wants to figure out how best to help me.
All is very good.
Dr. Pao provided the most thorough explanation of the source and causes of my condition and this most aggressive treatment.
The doctor seemed good.
Dr. Pao gave extensive information on ways including diet that could relieve my chronic and acute kidney stones and provided aggressive remedies.
Dr. Pao spent a lot of time with me and answered all my questions. He set up a care plan that met my needs and was considerate of my wishes and life choices.
Excellent doctor.
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Referring Physicians
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